The ATMEGA328-PU is a microcontroller chip produced by Atmel (now Microchip Technology).It belongs to Atmel's AVR series microcontroller product line.The ATMEGA328-PU microcontroller is an 8-bit megaAVR device based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture.By executing powerful instructions in one clock cycle,the ATMEGA328-PU achieves a throughput of nearly 1 MIPS per MHz,balancing power consumption and speed.

 

 

Ⅰ.Specifications of ATMEGA328-PU

•Product category: 8-bit microcontroller -MCU
•Installation style:Through Hole
•Package: PDIP-28
•Program memory size: 32 kB
•Data bus width: 8 bit
•ADC resolution: 10 bit
•Maximum clock frequency: 20 MHz
•Number of input/output terminals: 23 I/O
•Supply voltage - minimum: 1.8 V
•Supply voltage - Max: 5.5 V
•Minimum operating temperature:- 40 C
•Maximum operating temperature: +85 C
•Data Ram type: SRAM
•Data Rom type:EEPROM
•Data ROM size: 1 kB
•Interface type: I2C, SPI, USART
•Length: 34.79 mm
•Clock frequency: 8 MHz or higher

 

 

Ⅱ.Characteristics of ATMEGA328-PU

1.High Performance, Low Power Microcontroller Family

2.High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments:
-4/8/16/32KBytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash program memory
-256/512/512/1KBytes EEPROM
-512/1K/1K/2KBytes Internal SRAM
-Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
-Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)
-Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
•In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
•True Read-While-Write Operation
-Programming Lock for Software Security

3.Advanced RISC Architecture
-131 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
-Fully Static Operation
-32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
-Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20MHz
-On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

4.Special Microcontroller Features
-Internal Calibrated Oscillator
-Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
-External and Internal Interrupt Sources
-Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby, and Extended Standby

5.I/O and Packages
-23 Programmable I/O Lines
-28-pin SPDIP, 32-lead TQFP, 28-pad VQFN and 32-pad VQFN

 

Ⅲ.The difference between ATMEGA328 and ATMEGA328-PU

1.ATMEGA328:It is an 8-bit microcontroller chip with built-in memory such as flash memory, SRAM, EEPROM, and various peripherals. It's a common package version that's often used on development boards like the Arduino Uno. It usually comes in a 28-pin DIP (dual in-line package) package for easy insertion into a breadboard or soldering to a circuit board.
2.ATMEGA328-PU:This is another package version of the ATMEGA328 chip, usually in DIP package, that is, "PU" means Plastic DIP. Compared with ATMEGA328P, its functions and performance are the same, but its external packaging is different.

 

Ⅳ.ATmega328 DC Characteristics

ATmega328 DC characteristics - TA = -40C to 85C, VCC = 1.8V to 5.5V (unless otherwise noted)

 

Ⅴ.Communication interface type of ATMEGA328-PU

1.I2C:I2C is a bidirectional serial communication protocol suitable for connecting multiple devices to the same bus. ATMEGA328-PU also supports I2C communication, allowing communication with I2C compatible devices such as sensors, real-time clock modules, etc.
2.SPI: SPI is a fast serial communication interface used to connect external devices such as memory chips, sensors and displays. ATMEGA328-PU has a hardware-supported SPI module that can be used for high-speed, full-duplex data transmission.
3.UART: ATMEGA328-PU has a UART communication module that allows serial data transmission. It is often used to establish a serial communication link with a computer or other microcontroller for data transfer and debugging.

 

Ⅵ.Power supply requirements of ATMEGA328-PU

1.Power supply stability: In order to ensure stable operation, the power supply should provide clean and stable voltage and should avoid voltage noise and interference. Generally, the fluctuation of power supply voltage should be controlled within an appropriate range.
2.Operating voltage: ATMEGA328-PU can operate with two main voltage supply options, depending on requirements:
•3.3V operating voltage: Some applications may require a lower supply voltage to reduce power consumption or be compatible with other 3.3V power supply devices. In this case, the chip supply voltage needs to be set to 3.3V.
•5V operating voltage: In this mode, the chip requires a supply voltage of 5V. This is the most common voltage supply option and is typically used on development boards like the standard Arduino Uno.
3. Supply current: Supply current requirements depend on the operating mode of the chip and the connected external devices. Under typical conditions, the current demand of the ATMEGA328-PU is low during active operation, but the current demand may increase during certain high-load operating modes.
4.Power management: Considering low-power applications, ATMEGA328-PU has a variety of low-power modes, which can be enabled by setting relevant registers. This helps extend battery life.

 

Ⅶ.Models that can replace ATMEGA328-PU

•STM32 series: STMicroelectronics’ STM32 series is a series of microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M core that offer different performance and feature options and can be considered as alternatives.
•PIC16F877A: This is an 8-bit microcontroller produced by Microchip Technology and has a wide range of applications. It can be used as a replacement for ATMEGA328-PU, especially in Microchip's PIC series.
•ESP8266 and ESP32: These are Wi-Fi and Bluetooth microcontrollers produced by Espressif Systems and are commonly used in IoT applications. Although they have different functions, they can replace the ATMEGA328-PU, especially in applications requiring wireless communication.
•Raspberry Pi Pico: This is a microcontroller board launched by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. It uses the RP2040 microcontroller and has powerful performance and flexible communication interfaces. It can be used as a replacement for ATMEGA328-PU.

 

Frequently Asked Questions

 

1.How to use ATMEGA328-PU for embedded system development?
First of all, it is necessary to prepare development tools and environment, and design circuits according to project requirements, including external sensors, actuators, communication interfaces, etc. Write embedded programs using the selected development environment. Connect debug tools to monitor program behavior and variable values while running on the chip. Put the chip into the target circuit, and test and verify it. Document the project's circuit design, embedded programs, wiring diagrams, and any other relevant documentation. If required by the project, deploy the embedded system into the target environment to ensure it works as expected. Regularly check system performance and carry out necessary maintenance and updates to ensure long-term stable operation of the system.

 

2.Does ATMEGA328-PU have low power consumption characteristics?
ATMEGA328-PU supports multiple low-power modes, including sleep mode, power reduction mode and standby mode. These modes reduce the chip's power consumption to extend battery life. It can automatically switch to a low-power clock source as needed to further reduce power consumption. This is accomplished through configuration registers.

 

3.What are the common application fields related to ATMEGA328-PU?
Embedded system development, sensor control, DIY electronic projects, electronic toys, power management, smart home, electronic commercial products, etc.