MAX6126
Ultra-High-Precision, Ultra-Low-Noise,
Series Voltage Reference
13
Maxim Integrated
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(V
IN
= 5V for MAX6126_21/25/30/41, V
IN
= 5.5V for MAX6126_50, C
LOAD
= 0.1µF, I
OUT
= 0, T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
(Note 5)
MAX6126_21
TURN-ON TRANSIENT
MAX6126 toc25
GND
5.5V
V
OUT
1V/div
V
IN
2V/div
40µs/div
C
LOAD
= 10µF
V
OUT
= 2.048V
MAX6126_50
TURN-ON TRANSIENT
MAX6126 toc26
GND
5.5V
V
OUT
2V/div
V
IN
2V/div
GND
400µs/div
C
LOAD
= 10µF
V
OUT
= 5V
2.4994
2.4998
2.4996
2.5002
2.5000
2.5004
2.5006
0400200 600 800 1000
MAX6126B_25
LONG-TERM STABILITY vs. TIME (SO)
MAX6126 toc27
TIME (hr)
V
OUT
(V)
TWO TYPICAL PARTS
V
OUT
= 2.5V
2.5010
2.5005
2.5000
2.4995
2.4990
0 400200 600 800 1000
MAX6126B_25
LONG-TERM STABILITY vs. TIME (µMAX)
MAX6126 toc28
TIME (hr)
V
OUT
(V)
TWO TYPICAL PARTS
V
OUT
= 2.5V
4.9994
4.9998
4.9996
5.0002
5.0000
5.0004
5.0006
0400200 600 800 1000
MAX6126B_50
LONG-TERM STABILITY vs. TIME (SO)
MAX6126 toc29
TIME (hr)
V
OUT
(V)
TWO TYPICAL PARTS
V
OUT
= 5V
5.0010
5.0005
5.0000
4.9995
4.9990
0400200 600 800 1000
MAX6126B_50
LONG-TERM STABILITY vs. TIME (µMAX)
MAX6126 toc30
TIME (hr)
V
OUT
(V)
TWO TYPICAL PARTS
V
OUT
= 5V
Note 5: Many of the MAX6126
Typical Operating Characteristics
are extremely similar. The extremes of these characteristics are
found in the MAX6126_21 (2.048V output) and the MAX6126_50 (5.000V output). The
Typical Operating Characteristics
of
the remainder of the MAX6126 family typically lie between those two extremes and can be estimated based on their output
voltages.
MAX6126
Ultra-High-Precision, Ultra-Low-Noise,
Series Voltage Reference
14
Maxim Integrated
Detailed Description
Wideband Noise Reduction
To improve wideband noise and transient power-supply
noise, add a 0.1µF capacitor to NR (Figure 1). Larger
values do not improve noise appreciably. A 0.1µF NR
capacitor reduces the noise from 60nV/Hz to
35nV/Hz for the 2.048V output. Noise in the power-
supply input can affect output noise, but can be
reduced by adding an optional bypass capacitor
between IN and GND, as shown in the
Typical
Operating Circuit
.
Output Bypassing
The MAX6126 requires an output capacitor between
0.1µF and 10µF. Locate the output capacitor as close
to OUTF as possible. For applications driving switching
capacitive loads or rapidly changing load currents, it is
advantageous to use a 10µF capacitor in parallel with a
0.1µF capacitor. Larger capacitor values reduce tran-
sients on the reference output.
Supply Current
The quiescent supply current of the series-mode
MAX6126 family is typically 380µA and is virtually inde-
pendent of the supply voltage, with only a 2µA/V (max)
variation with supply voltage.
When the supply voltage is below the minimum speci-
fied input voltage during turn-on, the device can draw
up to 300µA beyond the nominal supply current. The
input voltage source must be capable of providing this
current to ensure reliable turn-on.
Thermal Hysteresis
Thermal hysteresis is the change of output voltage at
T
A
= +25°C before and after the device is cycled over
its entire operating temperature range. The typical ther-
mal hysteresis value is 20ppm (SO package).
Turn-On Time
These devices typically turn on and settle to within
0.1% of their final value in 200µs to 2ms depending on
the device. The turn-on time can increase up to 4ms
with the device operating at the minimum dropout volt-
age and the maximum load. A noise reduction capaci-
tor of 0.1µF increases the turn-on time to 20ms.
Output Force and Sense
The MAX6126 provides independent connections for the
power-circuit output (OUTF) supplying current into a
load, and for the circuit input regulating the voltage
applied to that load (OUTS). This configuration allows for
the cancellation of the voltage drop on the lines connect-
ing the MAX6126 and the load. When using the Kelvin
connection made possible by the independent current
and voltage connections, take the power connection to
the load from OUTF, and bring a line from OUTS to join
the line from OUTF, at the point where the voltage accu-
Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION
1NR
Noise Reduction. Connect a 0.1µF
capacitor to improve wideband noise.
Leave unconnected if not used (see
Figure 1).
2 IN Positive Power-Supply Input
3 GND Ground
4 GNDS
Ground-Sense Connection. Connect to
ground connection at load.
5, 8 I.C.
Internally Connected. Do not connect
anything to these pins.
6 OUTS Voltage Reference Sense Output
7 OUTF
Voltage Reference Force Output. Short
OUTF to OUTS as close to the load as
possible. Bypass OUTF with a
capacitor (0.1µF to 10µF) to GND.
NR
OUTF
*OPTIONAL.
0.1µF*
OUTS
REFERENCE
OUTPUT
(V
OUT
+ 200mV) TO 12.6V INPUT
IN
GND
GNDS
MAX6126
*
Figure 1. Noise-Reduction Capacitor
MAX6126
Ultra-High-Precision, Ultra-Low-Noise,
Series Voltage Reference
15
Maxim Integrated
racy is needed. The MAX6126 has the same type of
Kelvin connection to cancel drops in the ground return
line. Connect the load to ground and bring a connection
from GNDS to exactly the same point.
Applications Information
Precision Current Source
Figure 2 shows a typical circuit providing a precision
current source. The OUTF output provides the bias cur-
rent for the bipolar transistor. OUTS and GNDS sense
the voltage across the resistor and adjust the current
sourced by OUTF accordingly. For even higher preci-
sion, use a MOSFET to eliminate base current errors.
High-Resolution DAC and Reference from
a Single Supply
Figure 3 shows a typical circuit providing the reference
for a high-resolution, 16-bit MAX541 D/A converter.
Temperature Coefficient vs. Operating
Temperature Range for a 1 LSB Maximum
Error
In a data converter application, the reference voltage of
the converter must stay within a certain limit to keep the
error in the data converter smaller than the resolution
limit through the operating temperature range. Figure 4
shows the maximum allowable reference voltage tem-
perature coefficient to keep the conversion error to less
than 1 LSB, as a function of the operating temperature
range (T
MAX
- T
MIN
) with the converter resolution as a
parameter. The graph assumes the reference voltage
temperature coefficient as the only parameter affecting
accuracy.
In reality, the absolute static accuracy of a data con-
verter is dependent on the combination of many para-
meters such as integral nonlinearity, differential
nonlinearity, offset error, gain error, as well as voltage
reference changes.
OUTF
I
SOURCE
R
OUTS
V
OUT(NOMINAL)
/ R = I
SOURCE
IN
GND
GNDS
MAX6126
Figure 2. Precision Current Source
OUTF
OUTS
IN
GND
GNDS
MAX6126
OUT
REF
ANALOG
OUTPUT
V
DD
3V SUPPLY
GND
MAX541
DAC
Figure 3. 14-Bit High-Resolution DAC and Positive Reference
from a Single 3V Supply

MAX6126BASA21+T

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
Maxim Integrated
Description:
Voltage References Ultra-High-Precision Ultra-Low-Noise
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