Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
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L6590
Figure 33. PWM Control internal schematic
Oscillator and PWM Control
PWM regulation is accomplished by implementing voltage mode control. As shown in fig. 33, this block includes
an oscillator, a PWM comparator, a PWM latch and an Error Amplifier.
The oscillator operates at a frequency internally fixed at 65 kHz with a precision of ± 10 %. The maximum duty
cycle is limited at 70% typ.
The PWM latch (reset dominant) is set by the clock pulses of the oscillator and is reset by either the PWM com-
parator or the Overcurrent comparator.
The Error Amplifier (E/A) is an op-amp with a MOS input stage and a class AB output stage. The amplifier is
compensated for closed loop stability at unity gain, has a small-signal DC gain of 70 dB (typ.) and a gain-band-
width product over 1 MHz.
In case of overcurrent the error amplifier output saturates high and the conduction of the power MOSFET is
stopped by the OCP comparator instead of the PWM comparator.
Under zero load conditions the error amplifier is close to its low saturation and the gate drive delivers as short
pulses as it can, limited by internal delays. They are however too long to maintain the long-term energy balance,
thus from time to time some cycles need being skipped and the operation becomes asynchronous. This is au-
tomatically done by the control loop.
Standby Function
The standby function, optimized for flyback topology, automatically detects a light load condition for the convert-
er and decreases the oscillator frequency. The normal oscillation frequency is automatically resumed when the
output load builds up and exceeds a defined threshold.
This function allows to minimize power losses related to switching frequency, which represent the majority of losses
in a lightly loaded flyback, without giving up the advantages of a higher switching frequency at heavy load.
The Standby function is realized by monitoring the peak current in the power switch. If the load is low that it does
not reach a threshold (80 mA typ.), the oscillator frequency will be set at 22 kHz typ.
When the load demands more power and the peak primary current exceeds a second threshold (190 mA typ.)
the oscillator frequency is reset at 65 kHz. This 110 mA hysteresis prevents undesired frequency change when
power is such that the peak current is close to either threshold.
The signal coming from the sense circuit is digitally filtered to avoid false triggering of this function as a result of
large load changes or noise.
Clock
+
-
from OCP
comparator
COMP
S
R
Q
Max. Duty cycle
OSCILLATOR
+
-
to gate
driver
E/A
VFB
PWM
