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AR0130CSSM00SPBAH-GEVB

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AR0130CS
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16
Figure 14. Exit Standby Timing
E X T C L K
S T AN DB Y
F V
T R IG G E R
10 E X T C L K s
1ms
28 rows + CIT
S DAT A
Register Writes Not Valid Register Writes Valid
Hard Standby
Hard Standby puts the sensor in lower power state;
previously written register settings are still maintained.
A specific sequence needs to be followed to enter and exit
from Hard Standby.
To Enter Hard Standby:
1. R0x301A[8] = 1
2. R0x301A[12] = 1 if serial mode was used
3. Assert STANDBY pin
4. External clock can be turned off to further
minimize power consumption (Optional)
To Exit Hard Standby:
1. Enable external clock if it was turned off
2. De−assert STANDBY pin
3. Set R0x301A[8] = 0
Window Control
Registers x_addr_start, x_addr_end, y_addr_start, and
y_addr_end control the size and starting coordinates of the
image window.
The exact window height and width out of the sensor is
determined by the difference between the Y address start and
end registers or the X address start and end registers,
respectively.
The AR0130 allows different window sizes for context A
and context B.
Blanking Control
Horizontal blank and vertical blank times are controlled
by the line_length_pck and frame_length_lines registers,
respectively.
• Horizontal blanking is specified in terms of pixel
clocks. It is calculated by subtracting the X window
size from the line_length_pck register. The minimum
horizontal blanking is 110 pixel clocks.
• Vertical blanking is specified in terms of numbers of
lines. It is calculated by subtracting the Y window size
from the frame_length_lines register. The minimum
vertical blanking is 26 lines.
The actual imager timing can be calculated using Table 4
and Table 5, which describe the Line Timing and FV/LV
signals.
Readout Modes
Digital Binning
By default, the resolution of the output image is the full
width and height of the FOV as defined above. The output
resolution can be reduced by digital binning. For RGB and
monochrome mode, this is set by the register R0x3032. For
Context A, use bits [1:0], for Context B, use bits [5:4].
Available settings are:
00 = No binning
01 = Horizontal binning
10 = Horizontal and vertical binning
Binning gives the advantage of reducing noise at the cost
of reduced resolution. When both horizontal and vertical
binning are used, a 2x improvement in SNR is achieved
therefore improving low light performance
Bayer Space Resampling
All of the pixels in the FOV contribute to the output image
in digital binning mode. This can result in a more pleasing
output image with reduced subsampling artifacts. It also
improves low−light performance. For RGB mode,
resampling can be enabled by setting of register
0x306E[4] = 1.
Mirror
Column Mirror Image
By setting R0x3040[14] = 1, the readout order of the
columns is reversed, as shown in Figure 15. The starting
color, and therefore the Bayer pattern, is preserved when
mirroring the columns.
AR0130CS
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When using horizontal mirror mode, the user must
retrigger column correction. Please refer to the column
correction section to see the procedure for column
correction retriggering. Bayer resampling must be enabled,
by setting bit 4 of register 0 x 306E[4] = 1.
Figure 15. Six Pixels In Normal and Column Mirror Readout Modes
G0[11:0] R0[11:0] G1[11:0] R1[11:0] G2[11:0] R2[11:0]
G2[11:0] R2[11:0] G1[11:0] R1[11:0] G0[11:0] R0[11:0]
D
OUT[11:0]
LV
Normal readout
D
OUT[11:0]
Reverse readout
Row Mirror Image
By setting R0x3040[15] = 1, the readout order of the rows
is reversed as shown in Figure 16. The starting Bayer color
pixel is maintained in this mode by a 1−pixel shift in the
imaging array. When using horizontal mirror mode, the user
must retrigger column correction. Please refer to the column
correction section to see the procedure for column
correction retriggering.
Figure 16. Six Rows In Normal and Row Mirror Readout Modes
Row0 [11:0] Row1 [11:0] Row2 [11:0] Row3 [11:0] Row4 [11:0] Row5 [11:0]
Row5 [11:0] Row4 [11:0] Row3 [11:0] Row2 [11:0] Row1 [11:0] Row0[11:0]
DOUT[11:0]
FV
Normal readout
D
OUT[11:0]
Reverse readout
Maintaining a Constant Frame Rate
Maintaining a constant frame rate while continuing to
have the ability to adjust certain parameters is the desired
scenario. This is not always possible, however, because
register updates are synchronized to the read pointer, and the
shutter pointer for a frame is usually active during the
readout of the previous frame. Therefore, any register
changes that could affect the row time or the set of rows
sampled causes the shutter pointer to start over at the
beginning of the next frame.
By default, the following register fields cause a “bubble”
in the output rate (that is, the vertical blank increases for one
frame) if they are written in video mode, even if the new
value would not change the resulting frame rate. The
following list shows only a few examples of such registers;
a full listing can be seen in the AR0130 Register Reference.
• x_addr_start
• x_addr_end
• y_addr_start
• y_addr_end
• frame_length_lines
• line_length_pclk
• coarse_integration_time
• fine_integration_time
• read_mode
The size of this bubble is (Integration_Time × t
ROW
),
calculating the row time according to the new settings.
The Coarse_Integration_Time and
Fine_Integration_Time fields may be written to without
causing a bubble in the output rate under certain
circumstances. Because the shutter sequence for the next
frame often is active during the output of the current frame,
this would not be possible without special provisions in the
hardware. Writes to these registers take effect two frames
after the frame they are written, which allows the integration
time to increase without interrupting the output or producing
a corrupt frame (as long as the change in integration time
does not affect the frame time).
Synchronizing Register Writes to Frame Boundaries
Changes to most register fields that affect the size or
brightness of an image take effect on the frame after the one
during which they are written. These fields are noted as
“synchronized to frame boundaries” in the AR0130 Register
Reference. To ensure that a register update takes effect on
the next frame, the write operation must be completed after
the leading edge of FV and before the trailing edge of FV.
AR0130CS
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As a special case, in single frame mode, register writes
that occur after FV but before the next trigger will take effect
immediately on the next frame, as if there had been a Restart.
However, if the trigger for the next frame occurs during FV,
register writes take effect as with video mode.
Fields not identified as being frame−synchronized are
updated immediately after the register write is completed.
The effect of these registers on the next frame can be difficult
to predict if they affect the shutter pointer.
Restart
To restart the AR0130 at any time during the operation of
the sensor, write a “1” to the Restart register (R0x301A[1]
= 1). This has two effects: first, the current frame is
interrupted immediately. Second, any writes to
frame−synchronized registers and the shutter width registers
take effect immediately, and a new frame starts (in video
mode). The current row completes before the new frame is
started, so the time between issuing the Restart and the
beginning of the next frame can vary by about t
ROW
.
Image Acquisition Modes
The AR0130 supports two image acquisition modes:
video (also known as master) and single frame.
Video
The video mode takes pictures by scanning the rows of the
sensor twice. On the first scan, each row is released from
reset, starting the exposure. On the second scan, the row is
sampled, processed, and returned to the reset state. The
exposure for any row is therefore the time between the first
and second scans. Each row is exposed for the same
duration, but at slightly different point in time, which can
cause a shear in moving subjects as is typical with electronic
rolling shutter sensors.
Single Frame
The single−frame mode operates similar to the video
mode. It also scans the rows of the sensor twice, first to reset
the rows and second to read the rows. Unlike video mode
where a continuous stream of images are output from the
image sensor, the single−frame mode outputs a single frame
in response to a high state placed on the TRIGGER input pin.
As long as the TRIGGER pin is held in a high state, new
images will be read out. After the TRIGGER pin is returned
to a low state, the image sensor will not output any new
images and will wait for the next high state on the TRIGGER
pin.
The TRIGGER pin state is detected during the vertical
blanking period (i.e. the FV signal is low). The pin is level
sensitive rather than edge sensitive. As such, image
integration will only begin when the sensor detects that the
TRIGGER pin has been held high for 3 consecutive clock
cycles.
During integration time of single−frame mode and video
mode, the FLASH output pin is at high.
Continuous Trigger
In certain applications, multiple sensors need to have their
video streams synchronized (E.g. surround view or
panorama view applications). The TRIGGER pin can also
be used to synchronize output of multiple image sensors
together and still get a video stream. This is called
continuous trigger mode. Continuous trigger is enabled by
holding the TRIGGER pin high. Alternatively, the
TRIGGER pin can be held high until the stream bit is
enabled (R0x301A[2]=1) then can be released for
continuous synchronized video streaming.
If the TRIGGER pins for all connected AR0130 sensors
are connected to the same control signal, all sensors will
receive the trigger pulse at the same time. If they are
configured to have the same frame timing, then the usage of
the TRIGGER pin guarantees that all sensors will be
synchronized within 1 PIXCLK cycle if PLL is disabled, or
2 PIXCLK cycles if PLL is enabled.
With continuous trigger mode, the application can now
make use of the video streaming mode while guaranteeing
that all sensor outputs are synchronized. As long as the initial
trigger for the sensors takes place at the same time, all
subsequent video streams will be synchronous.
Automatic Exposure Control
The integrated automatic exposure control (AEC) is
responsible for ensuring that optimal settings of exposure
and gain are computed and updated every other frame. AEC
can be enabled or disabled by R0x3100[0].
When AEC is disabled (R0x3100[0] = 0), the sensor uses
the manual exposure value in coarse and fine shutter width
registers and the manual gain value in the gain registers.
When AEC is enabled (R0x3100[0]=1), the target luma
value is set by R0x3102. For the AR0130 this target luma has
a default value of 0x0800 or about half scale.
The exposure control measures current scene luminosity
by accumulating a histogram of pixel values while reading
out a frame. It then compares the current luminosity to the
desired output luminosity. Finally, the appropriate
adjustments are made to the exposure time and gain. All
pixels are used, regardless of color or mono mode.
AEC does not work if digital binning is enabled.
Embedded Data and Statistics
The AR0130 has the capability to output image data and
statistics embedded within the frame timing. There are two
types of information embedded within the frame readout:
1. Embedded Data: If enabled, these are displayed on
the two rows immediately before the first active
pixel row is displayed.
2. Embedded Statistics: If enabled, these are
displayed on the two rows immediately after the
last active pixel row is displayed.
NOTE: Both embedded statistics and data must be
enabled and disabled together.
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AR0130CSSM00SPBAH-GEVB

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Buy AR0130CSSM00SPBAH-GEVB
Manufacturer:
ON Semiconductor
Description:
Optical Sensor Development Tools 1.2 MP 1/3 CIS HB
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