LTC3706
7
3706fd
PIN FUNCTIONS
SG (Pin 1): Gate Drive for the “Synchronous” MOSFET.
FG (Pin 2): Gate Drive for the “Forward” MOSFET.
PGOOD (Pin 3): Open-Drain Power Good Output. The FB
pin is monitored to ensure that the output is in regulation.
When the output is not in regulation, the PGOOD pin is
pulled low.
MODE (Pin 4): Tie to either GND or V
CC
to set the maxi-
mum duty cycle at either 50% or 75% respectively. Tie to
ground through either a 200k or 100k resistor (50% or
75% maximum duty cycle) to disable pulse encoding. In
this mode, normal PWM signals will be generated at the
PT
+
pin, while a clock signal is generated at the PT
pin.
PHASE (Pin 5): Control Input to the Phase Selector. This
pin determines the phasing of the controller CLK relative
to the synchronizing signal at the FS/SYNC pin.
FB (Pin 6): The Inverting Input of the Main Loop Error
Amplifier.
ITH (Pin 7): The Output of the Main Loop Error Amplifier.
Place compensation components between the ITH pin
and GND.
RUN/SS (Pin 8): Combination Run Control and Soft-Start
Inputs. A capacitor to ground sets the ramp time of the
output voltage. Holding this pin below 0.4V causes the IC
to shut down all internal circuitry.
V
SOUT
, V
S
+
, V
S
(Pins 9, 10, 11): V
SOUT
is the output of
a precision, unity-gain differential amplifier. Tie V
S
+
and
V
S
to the output of the main DC/DC converter to achieve
true remote differential sensing. This allows DCR error
effects to be minimized.
GND (Pin 12): Signal Ground.
FS/SYNC (Pin 13): Combination Frequency Set and SYNC
pin. Tie to GND or V
CC
to run at 200kHz and 300kHz
respectively. Place a single resistor to ground at this pin
to set the frequency between 100kHz and 500kHz. To
synchronize, drive this pin with a clock signal to achieve
PLL synchronization from 75kHz to 500kHz. Sources
20µA of current.
SLP (Pin 14): Slope Compensation Input. Place a single
resistor to ground to set the desired amount of slope
compensation.
I
S
(Pin 15): Negative Input to the Current Sense Circuit.
When using current sense transformers, this pin may be
tied to V
CC
for single-ended sensing with a 1.28V maximum
current trip level.
I
S
+
(Pin 16): Positive Input to the Current Sense Circuit.
Connect to the positive end of a current sense resistor or
to the output of a current sense transformer.
REGSD (Pin 17): This pin is used to prevent overheating of the
external linear regulator pass device that generates the V
CC
supply voltage from the V
IN
voltage. A current proportional
to the voltage across the external pass device flows out of
this pin. The IC shuts down the linear regulator when the
voltage on this pin exceeds 4V. Place a resistor (or a resistor
and capacitor in parallel) between this pin and GND to limit
the temperature rise of the external pass device.
NDRV (Pin 18): Drive Output for the External Pass Device
of the V
CC
Linear Regulator. Connect to the base (NPN) or
gate (NMOS) of an external N-type device.
V
IN
(Pin 19): Connect to a higher voltage bias supply,
typically the output of a peak detected bias winding. When
not used, tie together with the V
CC
and NDRV pins.
SW (Pin 20): Connect to the drain of the “synchronous”
MOSFET. This input is used for adaptive shoot-through
prevention and leading edge blanking.
PT
, PT
+
(Pins 21, 22): Pulse Transformer Driver Outputs.
For most applications, these connect to a pulse trans-
former (with a series DC blocking capacitor). The PWM
information is multiplexed together with DC power and
sent through a single pulse transformer to the primary
side. This information may be decoded by the LTC3705
gate driver and primary-side controller.
PGND (Pin 23): Gate Driver Ground Pin.
V
CC
(Pin 24): Main V
CC
Input for all Driver and Control
Circuitry.
LTC3706
8
3706fd
BLOCK DIAGRAM
4V
SB
+
+
16
15
I
S
+
I
S
7
I
TH
6
FB
14
SLP
5
PHASE
4
MODE
8
9
RUN/SS
V
SOUT
11
V
S
V
S
+
40k40k
13
FS/SYNC
2V
32×
C
+
+
+
+
+
EA
2.5V
RUN/SS
0.60V
+
C
+
C
0.25V
3.2V
I
TRP
SKIP
BLANK
WAIT
OVP
R
Q
S
DMAX
PWM
RESET
DOMINANT
OVP
V
CC
V
CC
PGND
V
CC
FG
PGND
WAIT
ZERO
CROSSING
DETECT
DRIVE
TYPE
R
Q
S
OT LATCH
DRIVE/DMAX
CONTROL
OSC
AND
PLL
SOFT-
START
4V
SB
FB
V
CCUV
SHDN
SSLOW
WAIT
OT
OC
OC
UVLO V
INUV
RESTRT1
SLOPE
COMP 1
PGOOD/OVP
DRIVER
ENCODING
AND
LOGIC
BLANK
DMAX
23
SG
0.2V
1
SW
20
PT
+
2
+
V
CC
22
PT
PULSE
XFMR
21
V
IN
19
V
CC
V
IN
g
m
= 5µS
24
REGSD
17
PGOOD
3
GND
12
NDRV
18
REG 4V
SB
4V
SB
1.24V
SHDN
60k
5V
DC
TO
30V
DC
5V
DC
TO
10V
DC
A
4V
SB
4V
OVP
3706 BD
FB
0.6V
V
CC
UVLO
V
REF
275k
V
IN
40k
V
CC
SHDN
(4.25/4.5)
V
CCUV
V
SENSE
AMP
40k
10
A
g
m
= 2.8mS
+
C
OVERCURRENT
LTC3706
9
3706fd
OPERATION
Main Control Loop
The LTC3706 is designed to work in a constant frequency,
current mode 2-transistor forward converter. During
normal operation, the primary-side MOSFETs (both top
and bottom) are “clocked” on together with the forward
MOSFET on the secondary side. This applies the reflected
input voltage across the inductor on the secondary side.
When the current in the inductor has ramped up to the
peak value as commanded by the voltage on the ITH pin,
the current sense comparator is tripped, turning off the
primary-side and forward MOSFETs. To avoid turning
on the synchronous MOSFET prematurely and causing
shoot-through, the voltage on the SW pin is monitored.
This voltage will usually fall below 0V soon after the
primary-side MOSFETs have turned completely off. When
this condition is detected, the synchronous MOSFET is
quickly turned on, causing the inductor current to ramp
back downwards. The error amplifier senses the output
voltage, and adjusts the ITH voltage to obtain the peak
current needed to maintain the desired main-loop output
voltage. The LTC3706 always operates in a continuous
current, synchronous switching mode. This ensures a rapid
transient response as well as a stable bias supply voltage
at light loads. A maximum duty cycle (either 50% or 75%)
is internally set via clock dividers to prevent saturation of
the main transformer. In the event of an overvoltage on
the output, the synchronous MOSFET is quickly turned on
to help protect critical loads from damage.
Gate Drive Encoding
Since the LTC3706 controller resides on the secondary side
of an isolation barrier, communication to the primary-side
power MOSFETs is generally done through a transformer.
Moreover, it is often necessary to generate a low voltage
bias supply for the primary-side gate drive circuitry. In
order to reduce the number of isolated windings present
in the system, the LTC3706 uses a proprietary scheme
to encode the PWM gate drive information and multiplex
it together with bias power for the primary-side drive
and control, using a single pulse transformer. Note that,
unlike optoisolators and other modulation techniques, this
multiplexing scheme does not introduce a significant time
delay into the system.
For most forward converter applications, the PT
+
and
PT
outputs will contain a pulse-encoded PWM signal.
These outputs are driven in a complementary fashion with
an essentially constant 50% duty cycle. This results in a
stable volt-second balance as well as an efficient transfer
of bias power across the pulse transformer. As shown in
Figure 1, the beginning of the positive half-cycle coincides
with the turn-on of the primary-side MOSFETs. Likewise,
the beginning of the negative half-cycle coincides with
the maximum duty cycle (forced turn-off of primary
switches). At the appropriate time during the positive
half-cycle, the end of the on-time (PWM going LOW) is
signaled by briefly applying a zero volt differential across
the pulse transformer. Figure 1 illustrates the operation
of this multiplexing scheme.
The LTC3705 primary-side controller and gate driver will
decode this PWM information as well as extract the power
needed for primary-side gate drive.
Figure 1. Gate Drive Encoding Scheme (V
MODE
= GND)
–7V
7V
–7V
7V
150ns
1 CLK PER
DUTY CYCLE = 15%
V
PT1
+ – V
PT1
150ns
3706 F01
1 CLK PER
DUTY CYCLE = 0%

LTC3706IGN

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
Analog Devices / Linear Technology
Description:
Switching Voltage Regulators LTC3706 - Secondary-Side Synchronous Forward Controller with Polyphase Capability
Lifecycle:
New from this manufacturer.
Delivery:
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