LT1930ES5#TRMPBF

4
LT1930/LT1930A
BLOCK DIAGRA
W
Figure 2. Block Diagram
OPERATIO
U
The LT1930 uses a constant frequency, current-mode
control scheme to provide excellent line and load regula-
tion. Operation can be best understood by referring to the
block diagram in Figure 2. At the start of each oscillator
cycle, the SR latch is set, which turns on the power switch
Q1. A voltage proportional to the switch current is added
to a stabilizing ramp and the resulting sum is fed into the
positive terminal of the PWM comparator A2. When this
voltage exceeds the level at the negative input of A2, the SR
latch is reset turning off the power switch. The level at the
negative input of A2 is set by the error amplifier A1, and is
simply an amplified version of the difference between the
feedback voltage and the reference voltage of 1.255V. In
this manner, the error amplifier sets the correct peak
current level to keep the output in regulation. If the error
amplifier’s output increases, more current is delivered to
the output; if it decreases, less current is delivered. The
LT1930 has a current limit circuit not shown in Figure 2.
The switch current is constantly monitored and not al-
lowed to exceed the maximum switch current (typically
1.2A). If the switch current reaches this value, the SR latch
is reset regardless of the state of comparator A2. This
current limit helps protect the power switch as well as the
external components connected to the LT1930.
The block diagram for the LT1930A (not shown) is iden-
tical except that the oscillator frequency is 2.2MHz.
+
+
RQ
S
0.01
SW
DRIVER
COMPARATOR
2
SHDN
4
1
V
IN
5
FB
3
+
Σ
RAMP
GENERATOR
1.255V
REFERENCE
R
C
C
C
1.2MHz
OSCILLATOR*
GND
1930/A BD
Q1
A2
A1
R1 (EXTERNAL)
R2 (EXTERNAL)
FB
V
OUT
SHUTDOWN
*2.2MHz FOR LT1930A
5
LT1930/LT1930A
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
WUU
U
LT1930 AND LT1930A DIFFERENCES
Switching Frequency
The key difference between the LT1930 and LT1930A is
the faster switching frequency of the LT1930A. At 2.2MHz,
the LT1930A switches at nearly twice the rate of the
LT1930. Care must be taken in deciding which part to use.
The high switching frequency of the LT1930A allows
smaller cheaper inductors and capacitors to be used in a
given application, but with a slight decrease in efficiency
and maximum output current when compared to the
LT1930. Generally, if efficiency and maximum output
current are critical, the LT1930 should be used. If applica-
tion size and cost are more important, the LT1930A will be
the better choice. In many applications, tiny inexpensive
chip inductors can be used with the LT1930A, reducing
solution cost.
Duty Cycle
The maximum duty cycle (DC) of the LT1930A is 75%
compared to 84% for the LT1930. The duty cycle for a
given application using the boost topology is given by:
DC
VV
V
OUT IN
OUT
=
||||
||
For a 5V to 12V application, the DC is 58.3% indicating that
the LT1930A could be used. A 5V to 24V application has
a DC of 79.2% making the LT1930 the right choice. The
LT1930A can still be used in applications where the DC, as
calculated above, is above 75%. However, the part must
be operated in the discontinuous conduction mode so that
the actual duty cycle is reduced.
INDUCTOR SELECTION
Several inductors that work well with the LT1930 are listed
in Table 1 and those for the LT1930A are listed in Table 2.
These tables are not complete, and there are many other
manufacturers and devices that can be used. Consult each
manufacturer for more detailed information and for their
entire selection of related parts, as many different sizes and
shapes are available. Ferrite core inductors should be used
to obtain the best efficiency, as core losses at 1.2MHz are
much lower for ferrite cores than for cheaper powdered-
iron types. Choose an inductor that can handle at least 1A
without saturating, and ensure that the inductor has a low
DCR (copper-wire resistance) to minimize I
2
R power losses.
A 4.7µH or 10µH inductor will be the best choice for most
LT1930 designs. For LT1930A designs, a 2.2µH to 4.7µH
inductor will usually suffice. Note that in some applica-
tions, the current handling requirements of the inductor
can be lower, such as in the SEPIC topology where each
inductor only carries one-half of the total switch current.
Table 1. Recommended Inductors – LT1930
MAX SIZE
L DCR L × W × H
PART (µH) m (mm) VENDOR
CDRH5D18-4R1 4.1 57 4.5 × 4.7 × 2.0 Sumida
CDRH5D18-100 10 124 (847) 956-0666
CR43-4R7 4.7 109 3.2 × 2.5 × 2.0 www.sumida.com
CR43-100 10 182
DS1608-472 4.7 60 4.5 × 6.6 × 2.9 Coilcraft
DS1608-103 10 75 (847) 639-6400
www.coilcraft.com
ELT5KT4R7M 4.7 240 5.2 × 5.2 × 1.1 Panasonic
ELT5KT6R8M 6.8 360 (408) 945-5660
www.panasonic.com
Table 2. Recommended Inductors – LT1930A
MAX SIZE
L DCR L × W × H
PART (µH) m (mm) VENDOR
LQH3C2R2M24 2.2 126 3.2 × 2.5 × 2.0 Murata
LQH3C4R7M24 4.7 195 (404) 573-4150
www.murata.com
CR43-2R2 2.2 71 4.5 × 4.0 × 3.0 Sumida
CR43-3R3 3.3 86 (847) 956-0666
www.sumida.com
1008PS-272 2.7 100 3.7 × 3.7 × 2.6 Coilcraft
1008PS-332 3.3 110 (800) 322-2645
www.coilcraft.com
ELT5KT3R3M 3.3 204 5.2 × 5.2 × 1.1 Panasonic
(408) 945-5660
www.panasonic.com
The inductors shown in Table 2 for use with the LT1930A
were chosen for small size. For better efficiency, use
similar valued inductors with a larger volume. For
example, the Sumida CR43 series in values ranging from
2.2µH to 4.7µH will give an LT1930A application a few
percentage points increase in efficiency, compared to the
smaller Murata LQH3C Series.
6
LT1930/LT1930A
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
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CAPACITOR SELECTION
Low ESR (equivalent series resistance) capacitors should
be used at the output to minimize the output ripple voltage.
Multi-layer ceramic capacitors are an excellent choice, as
they have extremely low ESR and are available in very
small packages. X5R dielectrics are preferred, followed by
X7R, as these materials retain the capacitance over wide
voltage and temperature ranges. A 4.7µF to 10µF output
capacitor is sufficient for most applications, but systems
with very low output currents may need only a 1µF or 2.2µF
output capacitor. Solid tantalum or OSCON capacitors can
be used, but they will occupy more board area than a
ceramic and will have a higher ESR. Always use a capacitor
with a sufficient voltage rating.
Ceramic capacitors also make a good choice for the input
decoupling capacitor, which should be placed as close as
possible to the LT1930/LT1930A. A 1µF to 4.7µF input
capacitor is sufficient for most applications. Table 3 shows
a list of several ceramic capacitor manufacturers. Consult
the manufacturers for detailed information on their entire
selection of ceramic parts.
Table 3. Ceramic Capacitor Manufacturers
Taiyo Yuden (408) 573-4150 www.t-yuden.com
AVX (803) 448-9411 www.avxcorp.com
Murata (714) 852-2001 www.murata.com
The decision to use either low ESR (ceramic) capacitors or
the higher ESR (tantalum or OSCON) capacitors can affect
the stability of the overall system. The ESR of any capaci-
tor, along with the capacitance itself, contributes a zero to
the system. For the tantalum and OSCON capacitors, this
zero is located at a lower frequency due to the higher value
of the ESR, while the zero of a ceramic capacitor is at a
much higher frequency and can generally be ignored.
A phase lead zero can be intentionally introduced by
placing a capacitor (C3) in parallel with the resistor (R1)
between V
OUT
and V
FB
as shown in Figure 1. The frequency
of the zero is determined by the following equation.
ƒ=
Z
RC
1
213π••
By choosing the appropriate values for the resistor and
capacitor, the zero frequency can be designed to improve
the phase margin of the overall converter. The typical
target value for the zero frequency is between 35kHz to
55kHz. Figure 3 shows the transient response of the step-
up converter from Figure 1 without the phase lead capaci-
tor C3. The phase margin is reduced as evidenced by more
ringing in both the output voltage and inductor current. A
10pF capacitor for C3 results in better phase margin,
which is revealed in Figure 4 as a more damped response
and less overshoot. Figure 5 shows the transient response
when a 33µF tantalum capacitor with no phase lead
capacitor is used on the output. The higher output voltage
ripple is revealed in the upper waveform as a set of double
lines. The transient response is not greatly improved
which implies that the ESR zero frequency is too high to
increase the phase margin.
V
OUT
0.2V/DIV
AC COUPLED
I
LI
0.5A/DIV
AC COUPLED
250mA
150mA
LOAD
CURRENT
50µs/DIV
1930 F03
Figure 3. Transient Response of Figure 1's Step-Up
Converter without Phase Lead Capacitor
Figure 4. Transient Response of Figure 1's Step-Up
Converter with 10pF Phase Lead Capacitor
V
OUT
0.2V/DIV
AC COUPLED
I
LI
0.5A/DIV
AC COUPLED
250mA
150mA
LOAD
CURRENT
50µs/DIV
1930 F04

LT1930ES5#TRMPBF

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
Analog Devices / Linear Technology
Description:
Switching Voltage Regulators 1.2MHz Boost Conv. in 5-lead SOT-23
Lifecycle:
New from this manufacturer.
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