10
LT3466
3466fa
DUTY CYCLE
The duty cycle for a step-up converter is given by:
D
VVV
VVV
OUT D IN
OUT D CESAT
=
+
+
where:
V
OUT
= Output voltage
V
D
= Schottky forward voltage drop
V
CESAT
= Saturation voltage of the switch
V
IN
= Input battery voltage
The maximum duty cycle achievable for LT3466 is 96%
(typ) when running at 1MHz switching frequency. It in-
creases to 99% (typ) when run at 200kHz and drops to
92% (typ) at 2MHz. Always ensure that the converter is not
duty-cycle limited when powering the LEDs at a given
switching frequency.
SETTING THE SWITCHING FREQUENCY
The LT3466 uses a constant frequency architecture that
can be programmed over a 200KHz to 2MHz range with a
single external timing resistor from the R
T
pin to ground.
The nominal voltage on the R
T
pin is 0.54V, and the
current that flows into the timing resistor is used to
charge and discharge an internal oscillator capacitor. A
graph for selecting the value of R
T
for a given operating
frequency is shown in Figure 6.
OPERATING FREQUENCY SELECTION
The choice of operating frequency is determined by sev-
eral factors. There is a tradeoff between efficiency and
component size. Higher switching frequency allows the
use of smaller inductors albeit at the cost of increased
switching losses and decreased efficiency.
Another consideration is the maximum duty cycle achiev-
able. In certain applications, the converter needs to oper-
ate at the maximum duty cycle in order to light up the
maximum number of LEDs. The LT3466 has a fixed
oscillator off-time and a variable on-time. As a result, the
maximum duty cycle increases as the switching frequency
is decreased.
The circuit of Figure 1 is operated with different values of
timing resistor (R
T
). R
T
is chosen so as to run the
converters at 800kHz (R
T
= 63.4k), 1.25MHz (R
T
= 39.1k)
and 2MHz (R
T
= 20.5k). The efficiency comparison for
different R
T
values is shown in Figure 7.
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
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Figure 6. Timing Resistor (R
T
) Value Figure 7. Efficiency Comparison for Different R
T
Resistors
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
R
T
(k)
1000
3466 F06
10
100
600 180014001000
200
LED CURRENT (mA)
0
70
75
85
15
3466 F07
65
60
510 20
55
50
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
R
T
= 63.4k
R
T
= 39.1k
R
T
= 20.5k
CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 1
V
IN
= 3.6V
8/8 LEDs
11
LT3466
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
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INDUCTOR SELECTION
The choice of the inductor will depend on the selection of
the switching frequency of the LT3466. The switching
frequency can be programmed from 200kHz to 2MHz.
Higher switching frequency allows the use of smaller
inductors albeit at the cost of increased switching losses.
The inductor current ripple (I
L
), neglecting the drop
across the Schottky diode and the switch, is given by :
=
()
I
VV V
VfL
L
IN MIN OUT MAX IN MIN
OUT MAX
() ( ) ()
()
•–
••
where:
L = Inductor
f = Operating frequency
V
IN(MIN)
= Minimum input voltage
V
OUT(MAX)
= Maximum output voltage
The I
L
is typically set to 20% to 40% of the maximum
inductor current.
The inductor should have a saturation current rating
greater than the peak inductor current required for the
application. Also, ensure that the inductor has a low DCR
(copper wire resistance) to minimize I
2
R power losses.
Recommended inductor values range from 10µH to 68µH.
Several inductors that work well with the LT3466 are listed
in Table 1. Consult each manufacturer for more detailed
information and for their entire selection of related parts.
Table 1. Recommended Inductors
MAX CURRENT
L DCR RATING
PART (µH) () (mA) VENDOR
LQH32CN100 10 0.44 300 Murata
LQH32CN150 15 0.58 300 (814) 237-1431
LQH43CN330 33 1.00 310 www.murata.com
ELL6RH330M 33 0.38 600 Panasonic
ELL6SH680M 68 0.52 500 (714) 373-7939
www.panasonic.com
A914BYW330M 33 0.45 440 Toko
A914BYW470M 47 0.73 360 www.toko.com
A920CY680M 68 0.40 400
CDRH2D18150NC 15 0.22 350 Sumida
CDRH4D18-330 33 0.51 310 (847) 956-0666
CDRH5D18-680 68 0.84 430 www.sumida.com
CAPACITOR SELECTION
The small size of ceramic capacitors make them ideal for
LT3466 applications. Use only X5R and X7R types be-
cause they retain their capacitance over wider voltage and
temperature ranges than other types such as Y5V or Z5U.
A 1µF input capacitor is sufficient for most applications.
Always use a capacitor with sufficient voltage rating.
Table 2 shows a list of several ceramic capacitor manufac-
turers. Consult the manufacturers for detailed information
on their entire selection of ceramic parts.
Table 2. Ceramic Capacitor Manufacturers
Taiyo Yuden (408) 573-4150
www.t-yuden.com
AVX (803) 448-9411
www.avxcorp.com
Murata (714) 852-2001
www.murata.com
INRUSH CURRENT
The LT3466 has built-in Schottky diodes. When supply
voltage is applied to the V
IN
pin, an inrush current flows
through the inductor and the Schottky diode and charges
up the output voltage. Both the Schottky diodes in the
LT3466 can sustain a maximum of 1A current. The selec-
tion of inductor and capacitor value should ensure the
peak of the inrush current to be below 1A.
For low DCR inductors, which is usually the case for this
application, the peak inrush current can be simplified as
follows:
I
V
L
where
LC
PK
IN
OUT
=
=
–.
:
06
1
ω
ω
Table 3 gives inrush peak current for some component
selections.
12
LT3466
3466fa
Table 3. Inrush Peak Current
V
IN
(V) L (µH) C
OUT
(µF) I
P
(A)
5 15 0.47 0.78
5 33 1.00 0.77
5 47 2.2 0.95
5 68 1.00 0.53
9 47 0.47 0.84
12 33 0.22 0.93
Typically peak inrush current will be less than the value
calculated above. This is due to the fact that the DC
resistance in the inductor provides some damping result-
ing in a lower peak inrush current.
PROGRAMMING LED CURRENT
The LED current of each LED string can be set indepen-
dently by the choice of resistors R
FB1
and R
FB2
respec-
tively (Figure 2). The feedback reference is 200mV. In
order to have accurate LED current, precision resistors are
preferred (1% is recommended).
R
mV
I
R
mV
I
FB
LED
FB
LED
1
1
2
2
200
200
=
=
Table 4. R
FB
Value Selection
I
LED
(mA) R
FB
()
5 40.2
10 20.0
15 13.3
20 10.0
25 8.06
Most White LEDs are driven at maximum currents of
15mA to 20mA.
DIMMING CONTROL
There are two different types of dimming control circuits.
The LED current in the two drivers can be set indepen-
dently by modulating the CTRL1 and CTRL2 pins
respectively.
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
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Using a DC Voltage
For some applications, the preferred method of brightness
control is a variable DC voltage to adjust the LED current.
The CTRL pin voltage can be modulated to set the dimming
of the respective LED string. As the voltage on the CTRL
pin increases from 0V to 1.6V, the LED current increases
from 0 to I
LED
. As the CTRL pin voltage increases beyond
1.6V, it has no effect on the LED current.
The LED current can be set by:
I
LED
(200mV/R
FB
), when V
CTRL
> 1.6V
I
LED
(V
CTRL
/5 • R
FB
), when V
CTRL
< 1V
Feedback voltage variation versus control voltage is given
in the Typical Performance Characteristics graphs.
Using a Filtered PWM Signal
A variable duty cycle PWM can be used to control the
brightness of the LED string. The PWM signal is filtered
(Figure 8) by an RC network and fed to the CTRL1, CTRL2
pins.
The corner frequency of R1, C1 should be much lower than
the frequency of the PWM signal. R1 needs to be much
smaller than the internal impedance in the CTRL pins,
which is 100k.
3466 F08
C1
1µF
PWM
10kHz TYP
R1
10k
LT3466
CTRL1,2
Figure 8. Dimming Control Using a Filtered PWM Signal
LOW INPUT VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS
The LT3466 can be used in low input voltage applications.
The input supply voltage to the LT3466 must be 2.7V or
higher. However, the inductors can be run off a lower
battery voltage. This technique allows the LEDs to be
powered off two alkaline cells. Most portable devices have
a 3.3V logic supply voltage which can be used to power the
LT3466. The LEDs can be driven straight from the battery,
resulting in higher efficiency.

LT3466EDD#PBF

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
Analog Devices / Linear Technology
Description:
LED Lighting Drivers Dual White LED Step-up Converter w/ Schottky
Lifecycle:
New from this manufacturer.
Delivery:
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