MPC961P Datasheet
7©2016 Integrated Device Technology, Inc. Revision 6, October 4, 2016
OBSOLETE
the line impedances. The voltage wave launched down the
two lines will equal:
V
L
=V
S
(Z
O
/ (R
S
+ R
O
+ Z
O
))
Z
O
=50 || 50
R
S
=36 || 36
R
O
=14
V
L
= 3.0 (25 / (18 + 14 + 25) = 3.0 (25 / 57)
=1.31V
At the load end the voltage will double, due to the near
unity reflection coefficient, to 2.62 V. It will then increment
towards the quiescent 3.0 V in steps separated by one round
trip delay (in this case 4.0 ns).
Figure 5. Single versus Dual Waveforms
Since this step is well above the threshold region it will not
cause any false clock triggering, however designers may be
uncomfortable with unwanted reflections on the line. To better
match the impedances when driving multiple lines the
situation in Figure 6 should be used. In this case the series
terminating resistors are reduced such that when the parallel
combination is added to the output buffer impedance the line
impedance is perfectly matched.
Figure 6. Optimized Dual Line Termination
SPICE level and IBIS output buffer models are available
for engineers who want to simulate their specific interconnect
schemes.
Using the MPC961P in Zero-Delay Applications
Nested clock trees are typical applications for the
MPC961P. Designs using the MPC961P as LVCMOS PLL
fanout buffer with zero insertion delay will show significantly
lower clock skew than clock distributions developed from
CMOS fanout buffers. The external feedback option of the
MPC961P clock driver allows for its use as a zero delay
buffer. By using the QFB output as a feedback to the PLL the
propagation delay through the device is virtually eliminated.
The PLL aligns the feedback clock output edge with the clock
input reference edge resulting a near zero delay through the
device. The maximum insertion delay of the device in
zero-delay applications is measured between the reference
clock input and any output. This effective delay consists of the
static phase offset, I/O jitter (phase or long-term jitter),
feedback path delay and the output-to-output skew error
relative to the feedback output.
Calculation of Part-to-Part Skew
The MPC961P zero delay buffer supports applications
where critical clock signal timing can be maintained across
several devices. If the reference clock inputs of two or more
MPC961P are connected together, the maximum overall
timing uncertainty from the common PCLK input to any output
is:
t
SK(PP)
= t
()
+ t
SK(O)
+ t
PD, LINE(FB)
+ t
JIT()
· CF
This maximum timing uncertainty consist of 4 components:
static phase offset, output skew, feedback board trace delay
and I/O (phase) jitter:
Figure 7. MPC961P Max. Device-to-Device Skew
Due statistical nature of I/O jitter a rms value (1) is
specified. I/O jitter numbers for other confidence factors (CF)
can be derived from Table 8.
TIME (ns)
VOLTAGE (V)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
OutB
t
D
= 3.9386
OutA
t
D
= 3.8956
In
14
MPC961
Output
Buffer
R
S
= 22
Z
O
= 50
R
S
= 22
Z
O
= 50
14 + 22 || 22 = 50 || 50
25 = 25
t
PD,LINE(FB)
t
JIT()
+t
SK(O)
—t(ý)
+t
()
t
JIT()
+t
SK(O)
t
SK(PP)
Max. skew
TCLK
Common
QFB
Device 1
Any Q
Device 1
QFB
Device2
Any Q
Device 2
MPC961P Datasheet
8©2016 Integrated Device Technology, Inc. Revision 6, October 4, 2016
OBSOLETE
The feedback trace delay is determined by the board
layout and can be used to fine-tune the effective delay
through each device. In the following example calculation a
I/O jitter confidence factor of 99.7% ( 3) is assumed,
resulting in a worst case timing uncertainty from input to any
output of –236 ps to 361 ps relative to PCLK (f = 125 MHz,
V
CC
= 2.5 V):
t
SK(PP)
= [-50 ps...175ps] + [-150 ps...150 ps] +
[(12ps @ -3)...(12ps @ 3)] + t
PD, LINE(FB)
t
SK(PP)
= [-236ps...361ps] + t
PD, LINE(FB)
Due to the frequency dependence of the I/O jitter, Figure 8
“Max. I/O Jitter versus frequency” can be used for a more
precise timing performance analysis.
Figure 8. Max. I/O Jitter versus Frequency
Power Consumption of the MPC961P
and Thermal Management
The MPC961P AC specification is guaranteed for the
entire operating frequency range up to 200 MHz. The
MPC961P power consumption and the associated long-term
reliability may decrease the maximum frequency limit,
depending on operating conditions such as clock frequency,
supply voltage, output loading, ambient temperature, vertical
convection and thermal conductivity of package and board.
This section describes the impact of these parameters on the
junction temperature and gives a guideline to estimate the
MPC961P die junction temperature and the associated
device reliability. For a complete analysis of power
consumption as a function of operating conditions and
associated long term device reliability refer to the Application
Note AN1545. According the AN1545, the long-term device
reliability is a function of the die junction temperature:
Increased power consumption will increase the die
junction temperature and impact the device reliability
(MTBF). According to the system-defined tolerable MTBF,
the die junction temperature of the MPC961P needs to be
controlled and the thermal impedance of the board/package
should be optimized. The power dissipated in the MPC961P
is represented in equation 1.
Where I
CCQ
is the static current consumption of the
MPC961P, C
PD
is the power dissipation capacitance per
output, C
L
represents the external capacitive output
load, N is the number of active outputs (N is always 27 in case
of the MPC961P). The MPC961P supports driving
transmission lines to maintain high signal integrity and tight
timing parameters. Any transmission line will hide the lumped
capacitive load at the end of the board trace, therefore,
C
L
is zero for controlled transmission line systems and can be
eliminated from equation 1. Using parallel termination output
termination results in equation 2 for power dissipation.
In equation 2, P stands for the number of outputs with a
parallel or thevenin termination, V
OL
, I
OL
, V
OH
, and I
OH
are a
function of the output termination technique and DC
Q
is the
clock signal duty cycle. If transmission lines are used C
L
is
zero in equation 2 and can be eliminated. In general, the use
of controlled transmission line techniques eliminates the
impact of the lumped capacitive loads at the end lines and
greatly reduces the power dissipation of the device.
Equation 3 describes the die junction temperature T
J
as a
function of the power consumption.
Table 8. Confidence Factor CF
CF Probability of clock edge within the distribution
1 0.68268948
2 0.95449988
3 0.99730007
4 0.99993663
5 0.99999943
6 0.99999999
F_RANGE = 1 F_RANGE = 0
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190
Clock frequency [MHz]
t
jit()
[ps] RMS
V
CC
= 3.3 V
V
CC
= 2.5 V
V
CC
= 2.5 V
V
CC
= 3.3 V
Table 9. Die Junction Temperature and MTBF
Junction temperature (C) MTBF (Years)
100 20.4
110 9.1
120 4.2
130 2.0
P
TOT
= [ I
CCQ
+ V
CC
· f
CLOCK
· ( N · C
PD
+ C
L
) ] · V
CC
M
P
TOT
= V
CC
· [ I
CCQ
+ V
CC
· f
CLOCK
· ( N · C
PD
+ C
L
) ] + [ DC
Q
· I
OH
· (V
CC
– V
OH
) + (1 – DC
Q
) · I
OL
· V
OL
]
M
P
T
J
= T
A
+ P
TOT
· R
thja
f
CLOCK,MAX =
C
PD
· N · V
2
CC
1
· [
– (I
CCQ
· V
CC
) ]
R
thja
T
j,MAX
– T
A
Equation 1
Equation 2
Equation 3
Equation 4
MPC961P Datasheet
9©2016 Integrated Device Technology, Inc. Revision 6, October 4, 2016
OBSOLETE
Where R
thja
is the thermal impedance of the package
(junction to ambient) and T
A
is the ambient temperature.
According to Table 9, the junction temperature can be used
to estimate the long-term device reliability. Further, combining
equation 1 and equation 2 results in a maximum operating
frequency for the MPC961P in a series terminated
transmission line system.
T
J,MAX
should be selected according to the MTBF system
requirements and Table 9. R
thja
can be derived from
Table 10. The R
thja
represent data based on 1S2P boards,
using 2S2P boards will result in a lower thermal impedance
than indicated below.
If the calculated maximum frequency is below 200 MHz, it
becomes the upper clock speed limit for the given application
conditions. The following two derating charts describe the
safe frequency operation range for the MPC961P. The charts
were calculated for a maximum tolerable die junction
temperature of 110C, corresponding to an estimated MTBF
of 9.1 years, a supply voltage of 3.3 V and series terminated
transmission line or capacitive loading. Depending on a given
set of these operating conditions and the available device
convection a decision on the maximum operating frequency
can be made. There are no operating frequency limitations if
a 2.5 V power supply or the system specifications allow for a
MTBF of 4 years (corresponding to a max. junction
temperature of 120C.
Table 10. Thermal Package Impedance of the 32ld LQFP
Convection, LFPM
R
thja
(1P2S board), K/W
Still air 80
100 lfpm 70
200 lfpm 61
300 lfpm 57
400 lfpm 56
500 lfpm 55
180
Figure 9. Maximum MPC961P Frequency, V
CC
= 3.3 V,
MTBF 9.1 Years, Driving Series Terminated
Transmission Lines
Figure 10. Maximum MPC961P Frequency,
V
CC
= 3.3 V, MTBF 9.1 Years, 4 pF Load per Line
200
160
140
120
0
500 400 300 200 100
I
FPM
, CONVECTION
0
OPERATING FREQUENCY (MHz)
180
20
T
A
= 85C
f
MAX
(AC)
0
500 400 300 200 100
I
FPM
, CONVECTION
0
OPERATING FREQUENCY (MHz)
T
A
= 75C
T
A
= 85C
f
MAX
(AC)
Safe operation Safe operation
40
60
80
100
200
160
140
120
20
40
60
80
100
Figure 11. TCLK MPC961P AC Test Reference for V
CC
= 3.3 V and V
CC
= 2.5 V
Pulse
Generator
Z = 50
R
T
= 50
Z
O
= 50
R
T
= 50
Z
O
= 50
MPC961P DUT
V
TT
V
TT

MPC961PACR2

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Clock Buffer 18 LVCMOS OUT BUFFER
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