6
LTC1430
OVERVIEW
The LTC1430 is a voltage feedback PWM switching regu-
lator controller (see Block Diagram) designed for use in
high power, low voltage step-down (buck) converters. It
includes an onboard PWM generator, a precision refer-
ence trimmed to ±0.5%, two high power MOSFET gate
drivers and all necessary feedback and control circuitry to
form a complete switching regulator circuit. The PWM
loop nominally runs at 200kHz.
The 16-lead versions of the LTC1430 include a current
limit sensing circuit that uses the upper external power
MOSFET as a current sensing element, eliminating the
need for an external sense resistor.
Also included in the 16-lead version is an internal soft-
start feature that requires only a single external capacitor
to operate. In addition, 16-lead parts feature an adjustable
oscillator which can run at frequencies from 50kHz to
beyond 500kHz, allowing added flexibility in external com-
ponent selection. The 8-lead versions do not include
current limit, internal soft-start or frequency adjustability.
THEORY OF OPERATION
Primary Feedback Loop
The LTC1430 senses the output voltage of the circuit at the
output capacitor with the SENSE
+
and SENSE
–
pins and
feeds this voltage back to the internal transconductance
amplifier FB. FB compares the resistor-divided output
voltage to the internal 1.26V reference and outputs an
error signal to the PWM comparator. This is then com-
pared to a fixed frequency sawtooth waveform generated
by the internal oscillator to generate a pulse width modu-
lated signal. This PWM signal is fed back to the external
MOSFETs through G1 and G2, closing the loop. Loop
compensation is achieved with an external compensation
network at COMP, the output node of the FB transconduc-
tance amplifier.
MIN, MAX Feedback Loops
Two additional comparators in the feedback loop provide
high speed fault correction in situations where the FB
amplifier may not respond quickly enough. MIN compares
the feedback signal to a voltage 40mV (3%) below the
internal reference. At this point, the MIN comparator
overrides the FB amplifier and forces the loop to full duty
cycle, set by the internal oscillator at about 90%. Similarly,
the MAX comparator monitors the output voltage at 3%
above the internal reference and forces the output to 0%
duty cycle when tripped. These two comparators prevent
extreme output perturbations with fast output transients,
while allowing the main feedback loop to be optimally
compensated for stability.
Current Limit Loop
The 16-lead LTC1430 devices include yet another feed-
back loop to control operation in current limit. The current
limit loop is disabled in 8-lead devices. The I
LIM
amplifier
monitors the voltage drop across external MOSFET M1
with the I
FB
pin during the portion of the cycle when G1 is
high. It compares this voltage to the voltage at the I
MAX
pin.
As the peak current rises, the drop across M1 due to its
R
DS(ON)
increases. When I
FB
drops below I
MAX
, indicating
that M1’s drain current has exceeded the maximum level,
I
LIM
starts to pull current out of the external soft-start
capacitor, cutting the duty cycle and controlling the output
current level. At the same time, the I
LIM
comparator
generates a signal to disable the MIN comparator to
prevent it from conflicting with the current limit circuit. If
the internal feedback node drops below about 0.8V, indi-
cating a severe output overload, the circuitry will force the
internal oscillator to slow down by a factor of as much as
100. If desired, the turn on time of the current limit loop
can be controlled by adjusting the size of the soft-start
capacitor, allowing the LTC1430 to withstand short over-
current conditions without limiting.
By using the R
DS(ON)
of M1 to measure the output current,
the current limit circuit eliminates the sense resistor that
would otherwise be required and minimizes the number of
components in the external high current path. Because
power MOSFET R
DS(ON)
is not tightly controlled and varies
with temperature, the LTC1430 current limit is not de-
signed to be accurate; it is meant to prevent damage to the
power supply circuitry during fault conditions. The actual
current level where the limiting circuit begins to take effect
may vary from unit to unit, depending on the power
MOSFETs used. See Soft-Start and Current Limit for more
details on current limit operation.
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
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