Power-Down and Shutdown Modes
As described in Tables 2 and 3, several serial interface
commands put one or both of the DACs into shutdown
mode. Shutdown modes are completely independent
for each DAC. In shutdown, the amplifier output be-
comes high impedance, and OUT_ terminates to OS_
through the 200k (typ) gain resistors. Optionally (see
Tables 2 and 3), OUT_ can have an additional termina-
tion of 1k to AGND.
Full power-down mode shuts down the main bias gene-
rator, reference, and both DACs. The shutdown impe-
dance of the DAC outputs can still be controlled
independently, as described in Tables 2 and 3.
A serial interface command exits shutdown mode and
updates a DAC register. Each DAC can exit shutdown
at the same time or independently (see Tables 2 and
3). For example, if both DACs are shut down, updating
the DAC A register causes DAC A to power up, while
DAC B remains shut down. In full power-down mode,
powering up either DAC also powers up the main bias
generator and reference. To change from full power-
down to both DACs shutdown requires the waking of at
least one DAC between states.
When powering up the MAX5230/MAX5231 (powering
V
DD
), allow 400µs (max) for the output to stabilize. When
exiting full power-down mode, also allow 400µs (max) for
the output to stabilize. When exiting DAC shutdown
mode, allow 160µs (max) for the output to stabilize.
Reset Value (RSTV) and
Clear (
CLR
) Inputs
Driving CLR low asynchronously forces both DAC out-
puts and all the internal registers (input registers and
DAC registers) for both DACs to either zero or midscale,
depending on the level at RSTV. RSTV = DGND sets the
zero value, and RSTV, = V
DD
sets the midscale value.
The internal power-on reset circuit sets the DAC out-
puts and internal registers to either zero or midscale
when power is first applied to the device, depending on
the level at RSTV as described in the preceding para-
graph. The DAC outputs are enabled after power is first
applied. In order to obtain the midscale value on
power-up (RSTV = V
DD
), the voltage on RSTV must rise
simultaneously with the V
DD
supply.
Load DAC Input (
LDAC
)
Asserting LDAC asynchronously loads the DAC registers
from their corresponding input registers (DACs that are
shut down remain shut down). The LDAC input is totally
asynchronous and does not require any activity on CS,
SCLK, or DIN in order to take effect. If LDAC is asserted
coincident with a rising edge of CS, which executes a
serial command modifying the value of either DAC input
register, then LDAC must remain asserted for at least
30ns following the CS rising edge. This requirement
applies only for serial commands that modify the value of
the DAC input registers.
Power-Down Lockout Input (
PDL
)
Driving PDL low disables shutdown of either DAC. When
PDL is low, serial commands to shut down either DAC are
ignored. When either DAC is in shutdown mode, a high-
to-low transition on PDL brings the DACs and the refer-
ence out of shutdown with DAC outputs set to the state
prior to shutdown.
MAX5230/MAX5231
3V/5V, 12-Bit, Serial Voltage-Output Dual DACs
with Internal Reference
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
Table 3. P1 Shutdown Modes
P1 (A/B) SHUTDOWN MODE
0 Shut down with internal 1k load to GND
1 Shut down with internal 200k load to GND
SCLK
DIN
CS
MOSI
SCK
5V
I/O
SPI/QSPI
PORT
SS
MAX5230
MAX5231
Figure 4. SPI/QSPI Interface Connections
SCLK
DIN
CS
SK
SO
I/O
MICROWIRE
PORT
MAX5230
MAX5231
Figure 5. Connections for MICROWIRE
MAX5230/MAX5231
Applications Information
Definitions
Integral Nonlinearity (INL)
Integral nonlinearity (Figure 6a) is the deviation of the val-
ues on an actual transfer function from a straight line.
This straight line can be either a best-straight-line fit
(closest approximation to the actual transfer curve) or a
line drawn between the endpoints of the transfer func-
tion, once offset and gain errors have been nullified. For
a DAC, the deviations are measured at every single step.
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL)
Differential nonlinearity (Figure 6b) is the difference
between an actual step height and the ideal value of
1LSB. If the magnitude of the DNL is less than 1LSB, the
DAC guarantees no missing codes and is monotonic.
Offset Error
The offset error (Figure 6c) is the difference between
the ideal and the actual offset point. For a DAC, the off-
set point is the step value when the digital input is zero.
This error affects all codes by the same amount and
can usually be compensated for by trimming.
Gain Error
Gain error (Figure 6d) is the difference between the
ideal and the actual full-scale output voltage on the
transfer curve, after nullifying the offset error. This error
alters the slope of the transfer function and corre-
sponds to the same percentage error in each step.
Settling Time
The settling time is the amount of time required from the
start of a transition, until the DAC output settles to its new
output value within the converter’s specified accuracy.
3V/5V, 12-Bit, Serial Voltage-Output Dual DACs
with Internal Reference
14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
0
2
1
4
3
7
6
5
000 010001 011 100 101 110
AT STEP
011 (1/2LSB )
AT STEP
001 (1/4LSB )
111
DIGITAL INPUT CODE
ANALOG OUTPUT VALUE (LSB)
Figure 6a. Integral Nonlinearity
0
2
1
4
3
6
5
000 010001 011 100 101
DIFFERENTIAL LINEARITY
ERROR (-1/4LSB)
DIFFERENTIAL
LINEARITY ERROR (+1/4LSB)
1LSB
1LSB
DIGITAL INPUT CODE
ANALOG OUTPUT VALUE (LSB)
Figure 6b. Differential Nonlinearity
0
2
1
3
000 010001 011
ACTUAL
DIAGRAM
IDEAL DIAGRAM
ACTUAL
OFFSET
POINT
OFFSET ERROR
(+1 1/4LSB)
IDEAL OFFSET
POINT
DIGITAL INPUT CODE
ANALOG OUTPUT VALUE (LSB)
Figure 6c. Offset Error
0
5
4
6
7
000 101100 110 111
IDEAL DIAGRAM
GAIN ERROR
(-1 1/4LSB)
IDEAL FULL-SCALE OUTPUT
ACTUAL
FULL-SCALE
OUTPUT
DIGITAL INPUT CODE
ANALOG OUTPUT VALUE (LSB)
Figure 6d. Gain Error
Digital Feedthrough
Digital feedthrough is noise generated on the DAC’s
output when any digital input transitions. Proper board
layout and grounding significantly reduce this noise,
but there is always some feedthrough caused by the
DAC itself.
Unipolar Output
Figure 7 shows the MAX5230/MAX5231 configured for
unipolar, rail-to-rail operation. The MAX5231 produces
a 0 to 4.095V output, while the MAX5230 produces 0 to
2.0475V output. Table 4 lists the unipolar output codes.
Digital Calibration and
Threshold Selection
Figure 8 shows the MAX5230/MAX5231 in a digital cali-
bration application. With a bright light value applied to
the photodiode (on), the DAC is digitally ramped until it
trips the comparator. The microprocessor (µP) stores
this “high” calibration value. Repeat the process with a
dim light (off) to obtain the dark current calibration. The
µP then programs the DAC to set an output voltage at
the midpoint of the two calibrated values. Applications
include tachometers, motion sensing, automatic read-
ers, and liquid clarity analysis.
Sharing a Common DIN Line
Several MAX5230/MAX5231s may share one common
DIN signal line (Figure 9). In this configuration, the data
bus is common to all devices; data is not shifted through
a daisy-chain. The SCLK and DIN lines are shared by all
devices, but each IC needs its own dedicated CS line.
Daisy-Chaining Devices
Any number of MAX5230/MAX5231s can be daisy-
chained by connecting the serial data output (DOUT) of
one device to the digital input (DIN) of the following
device in the chain (Figure 10).
MAX5230/MAX5231
3V/5V, 12-Bit, Serial Voltage-Output Dual DACs
with Internal Reference
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
Table 4. Unipolar Code Table
DAC CONTENTS ANALOG OUTPUT (V)
MSB LSB MAX5230 MAX5231
1111 1111 1 111 (0) 2.04750 4.0950
1000 0000 0 001 (0) 1.02425 2.0485
1000 0000 0 000 (0) 1.02375 2.0475
0111 1111 1 111 (0) 1.02325 2.0465
0000 0000 001 (0) 0.00050 0.0010
0000 0000 0 000 (0) 0 0
DAC_
MAX5230
MAX5231
REF
REF
V
DD
5V/3V
GAIN = 1.6384V/V
OUT_
OS_
121k
77.25k
1k
AGND DGND
Figure 7. Unipolar Output Circuit (Rail-to-Rail)
DAC_
MAX5230
MAX5231
REF
REF
V
DD
V
OUT
5V/3V
OUT_
PHOTODIODE
OS_
V+
V+
V-
121k
77.25k
1k
R
PULLDOWN
AGND DGND
Figure 8. Digital Calibration

MAX5230AEEE+T

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
Maxim Integrated
Description:
Digital to Analog Converters - DAC 12-Bit 2Ch Precision DAC
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