MAX1400
+5V, 18-Bit, Low-Power, Multichannel,
Oversampling (Sigma-Delta) ADC
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Pin Description (continued)
NAME FUNCTIONPIN
17 CALGAIN-
Negative Gain Calibration Input. Used for system-gain calibration. It forms the negative input of a fully
differential input pair with CALGAIN+. Normally these inputs are connected to reference voltages in the
system. When system gain calibration is not required and the auto-sequence mode is used, the
CALGAIN+/CALGAIN- input pair provides an additional fully differential input channel.
18 CALGAIN+
Positive Gain Calibration Input. Used for system gain calibration. It forms the positive input of a fully differ-
ential input pair with CALGAIN-. Normally these inputs are connected to reference voltages in the system.
When system gain calibration is not required and the auto-sequence mode is used, the CALGAIN+/
CALGAIN- input pair provides an additional fully differential input channel.
19 REFIN-
Negative Differential Reference Input. Bias REFIN- between V+ and AGND, provided that REFIN+ is more
positive than REFIN-.
20 REFIN+
Positive Differential Reference Input. Bias REFIN+ between V+ and AGND, provided that REFIN+ is more
positive than REFIN-.
21 CALOFF-
Negative Offset Calibration Input. Used for system offset calibration. It forms the negative input of a fully
differential input pair with CALOFF+. Normally these inputs are connected to zero-reference voltages in
the system. When system offset calibration is not required and the auto-sequence mode is used, the
CALOFF+/CALOFF- input pair provides an additional fully differential input channel.
22 CALOFF+
Positive Offset Calibration Input. Used for system offset calibration. It forms the positive input of a fully
differential input pair with CALOFF-. Normally these inputs are connected to zero-reference voltages in the
system. When system offset calibration is not required and the auto-sequence mode is used, the
CALOFF+/CALOFF- input pair provides an additional fully differential input channel.
23 DGND Digital Ground. Reference point for digital circuitry.
24 V
DD
Digital Supply Voltage (+2.7V to +5.25V)
25
INT
Interrupt Output. A logic low indicates that a new output word is available from the data register. INT
returns high upon completion of a full output word read operation. INT also returns high for short periods
(determined by the filter and clock control bits) if no data read has taken place. A logic high indicates
internal activity, and a read operation should not be attempted under this condition. INT can also provide
a strobe to indicate valid data at DOUT (MDOUT = 1).
26 DOUT
Serial Data Output. DOUT outputs data from the internal shift register containing information from the
Communications Register, Global Setup Registers, Transfer Function Registers, or Data Register. DOUT
can also provide the digital bit stream directly from the Σ- modulator (MDOUT = 1).
27 DIN
Serial Data Input. Data on DIN is written to the input shift register and later transferred to the
Communications Register, Global Setup Registers, Special Function Register, or Transfer Function
Registers, depending on the register selection bits in the Communications Register.
28 SCLK
Serial Clock Input. Apply an external serial clock to transfer data to and from the MAX1400. This serial
clock can be continuous, with data transmitted in a train of pulses, or intermittent. If CS is used to frame
the data transfer, then SCLK can idle high or low between conversions and CS determines the desired
active clock edge (see the Selecting Clock Polarity section). If CS is tied permanently low, SCLK must idle
high between data transfers.
MAX1400
+5V, 18-Bit, Low-Power, Multichannel,
Oversampling (Sigma-Delta) ADC
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
_______________Detailed Description
Circuit Description
The MAX1400 is a low-power, multichannel, serial-
output, sigma-delta ADC designed for applications with
a wide dynamic range, such as weigh scales and pres-
sure transducers. The functional block diagram in
Figure 2 contains a switching network, a modulator, a
PGA, two buffers, an oscillator, an on-chip digital filter,
and a bidirectional serial communications port.
Three fully-differential input channels feed into the
switching network. Each channel may be independent-
ly programmed with a gain between +1V/V and
+128V/V. These three differential channels may also be
configured to operate as five pseudo-differential input
channels. Two additional, fully differential system-cali-
bration channels allow system gain and offset error to
be measured. These system-calibration channels can
be used as additional differential signal channels when
dedicated gain and offset error correction channels are
not required.
Two chopper-stabilized buffers are available to isolate
the selected inputs from the capacitive loading of the
PGA and modulator. Three independent DACs provide
compensation for the DC component of the input signal
on each of the differential input channels.
The sigma-delta modulator converts the input signal into
a digital pulse train whose average duty cycle represents
the digitized signal information. The pulse train is then
processed by a digital decimation filter, resulting in a
conversion accuracy exceeding 16 bits. The digital filter’s
decimation factor is user-selectable, which allows the
conversion result’s resolution to be reduced to achieve a
higher output data rate. When used with 2.4576MHz or
1.024MHz master clocks, the decimation filter can be
programmed to produce zeros in its frequency response
at the line frequency and associated harmonics. This
ensures excellent line rejection without the need for fur-
ther post-filtering. In addition, the modulator sampling
frequency can be optimized for either lowest power dis-
sipation or highest output data rate.
The MAX1400 can be configured to sequentially scan
all signal inputs and to transmit the results through the
serial interface with minimum communications over-
head. The output word contains a result identification
tag to indicate the source of each conversion result.
MAX1400
SWITCHING
NETWORK
AGND
V+
ADCIN+
MUXOUT+
CALOFF+
CALGAIN+
AIN1
AIN2
AIN3
AIN4
AIN5
AIN6
CALOFF-
CALGAIN-
MUXOUT-
ADCIN-
REFIN+
REFIN-
BUFFER
PGA
DAC
MODULATOR
BUFFER
DIVIDER
CLOCK
GEN
CLKIN
CLKOUT
V
DD
DGND
V+
AGND
SCLK
DIN
DOUT
INT
CS
RESET
DIGITAL
FILTER
INTERFACE
AND CONTROL
Figure 2. Functional Diagram
MAX1400
+5V, 18-Bit, Low-Power, Multichannel,
Oversampling (Sigma-Delta) ADC
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Serial Digital Interface
The serial digital interface provides access to eight on-
chip registers (Figure 3). All serial-interface commands
begin with a write to the communications register
(COMM). On power-up, system reset, or interface reset,
the part expects a write to its communications register.
The COMM register access begins with a 0 start bit.
The COMM register R/W bit selects a read or write
operation, and the register select bits (RS2, RS1, RS0)
select the register to be addressed. Hold DIN high
when not writing to COMM or another register (Table 1).
The serial interface consists of five signals: CS, SCLK,
DIN, DOUT, and INT. Clock pulses on SCLK shift bits
into DIN and out of DOUT. INT provides an indication
that data is available. CS is a device chip-select input
as well as a clock polarity select input (Figure 4).
Using CS allows the SCLK, DIN, and DOUT signals to
be shared among several SPI-compatible devices.
When short on I/O pins, connect CS low and operate
the serial digital interface in CPOL = 1, CPHA = 1 mode
using SCLK, DIN, and DOUT. This 3-wire interface
mode is ideal for opto-isolated applications.
Furthermore, a microcontroller (such as a PIC16C54 or
80C51) can use a single bidirectional I/O pin for both
sending to DIN and receiving from DOUT (see
Applications Information), because the MAX1400 drives
DOUT only during a read cycle.
Additionally, connecting the INT signal to a hardware
interrupt allows faster throughput and reliable, collision-
free data flow.
The MAX1400 features a mode where the raw modula-
tor data output is accessible. In this mode the DOUT
and INT functions are reassigned (see the Modulator
Data Output section).
DATA REGISTER D1–D0/CID
RS0
GLOBAL SETUP REGISTER 1
GLOBAL SETUP REGISTER 2
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER
XFER FUNCTION REGISTER 1
XFER FUNCTION REGISTER 2
XFER FUNCTION REGISTER 3
DATA REGISTER D17–D10
DATA REGISTER D9–D2
COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER
RS1RS2
DIN
DOUT
REGISTER
SELECT
DECODER
Figure 3. Register Summary
DIN
(DURING
WRITE)*
DOUT
(DURING
READ)*
MSB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
MSB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
CS
INT
t
10
t
6
t
8
t
7
t
17
t
16
t
3
t
1
t
13
t
5
t
4
t
12
t
18
t
9
t
11
t
15
t
14
SCLK
(CPOL = 1)
SCLK
(CPOL = 0)
*DOUT IS HIGH IMPEDANCE DURING THE WRITE CYCLE; DIN IS IGNORED
DURING THE READ CYCLE.
Figure 4. Serial-Interface Timing
Table 1. Control Register Addressing
0
RS1
0
RS0
0 1 Global Setup Register 10
1 0
1 1 Special Function Register0
Global Setup Register 2
Communications Register
0
0
0 0
0 1 Transfer Function Register 21
1 0
1 1 Data Register1
Transfer Function Register 3
Transfer Function Register 1
1
1
RS2 TARGET REGISTER

MAX1400EAI+T

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
Maxim Integrated
Description:
Analog to Digital Converters - ADC 18-Bit 5Ch 4.8ksps 2.5V Precision ADC
Lifecycle:
New from this manufacturer.
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