ADA4412-3
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 16
THEORY OF OPERATION
The ADA4412-3 is an integrated video filtering and driving
solution that offers variable bandwidth to meet the needs of a
number of different video resolutions. There are three filters
targeted for use with component video signals. The filters
have selectable bandwidths that correspond to the popular
component video standards. Each filter has a sixth-order
Butterworth response that includes group delay optimization.
The group delay variation from 1 MHz to 36 MHz in the
36 MHz section is 7 ns, which produces a fast settling pulse
response.
The ADA4412-3 is designed to operate in many video environ-
ments. The supply range is 5 V to 12 V, single supply or dual
supply, and requires a relatively low nominal quiescent current
of 15 mA per channel. In single-supply applications, the PSRR
is greater than 60 dB, providing excellent rejection in systems
with supplies that are noisy or under-regulated. In applications
where power consumption is critical, the part can be powered
down to draw typically 10 µA by pulling the DISABLE pin to
the most positive rail. The ADA4412-3 is also well-suited for
high encoding frequency applications because it maintains a
stop-band attenuation of over 40 dB to 400 MHz.
The ADA4412-3 is intended to take dc-coupled inputs
from an encoder or other ground referenced video signals.
The ADA4412-3 input is high impedance. No minimum or
maximum input termination is required, though input
terminations above 1 kΩ can degrade crosstalk performance
at high frequencies. No clamping is provided internally. For
applications where dc restoration is required, dual supplies
work best. Using a termination resistance of less than a few
hundred ohms to ground on the inputs and suitably adjusting
the level-shifting circuitry provides precise placement of the
output voltage.
For single-supply applications (V
S−
= GND), the input voltage
range extends from 100 mV below ground to within 2.0 V of
the most positive supply. Each filter input includes level-shifting
circuitry. The level-shifting circuitry adds a dc component to
ground-referenced input signals so that they can be reproduced
accurately without the output buffers hitting the negative rail.
Because the filters have negative rail input and rail-to-rail
output, dc level shifting is generally not necessary, unless
accuracy greater than that of the saturated output of the driver
is required at the most negative edge. This varies with load but
is typically 100 mV in a dc-coupled, single-supply application. If
ac coupling is used, the saturated output level is higher because
the drivers have to sink more current on the low side. If dual
supplies are used (V
S−
< GND), no level shifting is required. In
dual-supply applications, the level-shifting circuitry can be used
to take a ground referenced signal and put the blanking level at
ground while the sync level is below ground.
The output drivers on the ADA4412-3 have rail-to-rail output
capabilities with 6 dB gain. Each output is capable of driving
two ac- or dc-coupled, 75 Ω source-terminated loads. If a large
dc output level is required while driving two loads, ac coupling
should be used to limit the power dissipation.
ADA4412-3
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 16
APPLICATIONS
OVERVIEW
With its high impedance inputs and high output drive, the
ADA4412-3 is ideally suited to video reconstruction and
antialias filtering applications. The high impedance inputs give
designers flexibility with regard to how the input signals are
terminated. Devices with DAC current source outputs that feed
the ADA4412-3 can be loaded in whatever resistance provides
the best performance, and devices with voltage outputs can be
optimally terminated as well. The ADA4412-3 outputs can each
drive up to two source-terminated 75 Ω loads and can therefore
directly drive the outputs from set-top boxes, DVD players, and
the like without the need for a separate output buffer.
Binary control inputs are provided to select the filter cutoff
frequency. These inputs are compatible with 3 V and 5 V TTL
and CMOS logic levels referenced to GND. The disable feature
is asserted by pulling the DISABLE pin to the positive supply.
The LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 inputs comprise a differential input
that controls the dc level at the output pins.
DISABLE
The ADA4412-3 includes a disable feature that can be used
to save power when a particular device is not in use. As
indicated in the
Overview section, the disable feature is
asserted by pulling the DISABLE pin to the positive supply.
The DISABLE pin also functions as a reference level for the
logic inputs and therefore must be connected to ground when
the device is not disabled.
Table 6 summarizes the disable feature operation.
Table 6. DISABLE Function
DISABLE Pin Connection Status
V
S+
Disabled
GND Enabled
CUTOFF FREQUENCY SELECTION
Four combinations of cutoff frequencies are provided for the
video signals. The cutoff frequencies have been selected to
correspond with the most commonly deployed component
video scanning systems. Selection between the cutoff frequency
combinations is controlled by the logic signals applied to the
F_SEL_A and F_SEL_B inputs.
Table 7 summarizes cutoff
frequency selection.
Table 7. Filter Cutoff Frequency Selection
F_SEL_A F_SEL_B Y/G Cutoff Pb/B Cutoff Pr/R Cutoff
0 0 36 MHz 36 MHz 36 MHz
0 1 36 MHz 18 MHz 18 MHz
1 0 18 MHz 18 MHz 18 MHz
1 1 9 MHz 9 MHz 9 MHz
OUTPUT DC OFFSET CONTROL
The LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 inputs work as a differential, input-
referred output offset control. In other words, the output offset
voltage of a given channel is equal to the difference in voltage
between the LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 inputs multiplied by the
overall filter gain. This relationship is expressed in Equation 1.
(
)
)(2)( LEVEL2LEVEL1OUTV
OS
= (1)
LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 are the voltages applied to the respective
inputs, and the factor of 2 reflects the gain of ×2 in the output
stage.
For example, setting LEVEL1 to 300 mV and LEVEL2 to 0 V
shifts the offset voltages at the ADA4412-3 outputs to 600 mV.
This particular setting can be used in most single-supply
applications to keep the output swings safely above the negative
supply rail.
The maximum differential voltage that can be applied across the
LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 inputs is ±500 mV. From a single-ended
standpoint, the LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 inputs have the same
range as the filter inputs. See the
Specifications for the limits.
The LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 inputs must each be bypassed to
GND with a 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor.
In single-supply applications, a positive output offset must be
applied to keep the negative-most excursions of the output
signals above the specified minimum output swing limit.
Figure 16 and Figure 17 illustrate several ways to use the
LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 inputs.
Figure 16 shows examples of how
to generate fully adjustable LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 voltages from
±5 V and single +5 V supplies. These circuits show a general
case, but a more practical approach is to fix one voltage and
vary the other.
Figure 17 illustrates an effective way to produce
a 600 mV output offset voltage in a single-supply application.
Although the LEVEL2 input could simply be connected to
GND,
Figure 17 includes bypassed resistive voltage dividers for
each input so that the input levels can be changed, if necessary.
Additionally, many in-circuit testers require that I/O signals not
be tied directly to the supplies or GND. DNP indicates do not
populate.
ADA4412-3
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 16
05528-018
DUAL SUPPLY
0.1μF
LEVEL1
9.53kΩ
1kΩ
9.53kΩ
+5V
–5V
0.1μF
LEVEL2
9.53kΩ
1kΩ
9.53kΩ
+5V
–5V
SINGLE SUPPLY
0.1μF
LEVEL1
1kΩ
9.09kΩ
+5V
0.1μF
LEVEL2
1kΩ
9.09kΩ
+5V
Figure 16. Generating Fully Adjustable Output Offsets
05528-019
0.1μF
LEVEL1
634Ω
10kΩ
+5V
DNP
LEVEL2
0Ω
DNP
+5V
Figure 17. Flexible Circuits to Set the LEVEL1 and LEVEL2 Inputs to
Obtain a 600 mV Output Offset on a Single Supply
INPUT AND OUTPUT COUPLING
Inputs to the ADA4412-3 are normally dc-coupled. Ac coupling
the inputs is not recommended; however, if ac coupling is
necessary, suitable circuitry must be provided following the ac
coupling element to provide proper dc level and bias currents at
the ADA4412-3 input stages. The ADA4412-3 outputs can be
either ac- or dc-coupled.
When driving single ac-coupled loads in standard 75 Ω video
distribution systems, 220 µF coupling capacitors are
recommended for use on all but the chrominance signal output.
Since the chrominance signal is a narrow-band modulated
carrier, it has no low frequency content and can therefore be
coupled with a 0.1 µF capacitor.
There are two ac coupling options when driving two loads from
one output. One simply uses the same value capacitor on the
second load, while the other is to use a common coupling
capacitor that is at least twice the value used for the single load
(see
Figure 18 and Figure 19).
When driving two parallel 150 Ω loads (75 Ω effective load),
the 3 dB bandwidth of the filters typically varies from that of
the filters with a single 150 Ω load. For the 9 MHz and 18 MHz
filters, the typical variation is within ±1.0%; for the 36 MHz
filters, the typical variation is within ±2.5%.
05528-020
75Ω
A
DA4412-3
75Ω
220μF
220μF
75Ω
75Ω
75
Ω
CABLE
75Ω
CABLE
Figure 18. Driving Two AC-Coupled Loads with Two Coupling Capacitors
05528-021
75Ω
75Ω
75Ω
75Ω
470μF
75Ω
CABLE
75Ω
CABLE
ADA4412-3
Figure 19. Driving Two AC-Coupled Loads with One Common Coupling Capacitor
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT
As with all high speed applications, attention to printed
circuit board layout is of paramount importance. Standard high
speed layout practices should be adhered to when designing
with the ADA4412-3. A solid ground plane is recommended,
and surface-mount, ceramic power supply decoupling
capacitors should be placed as close as possible to the supply
pins. All of the ADA4412-3 GND pins should be connected to
the ground plane with traces that are as short as possible.
Controlled impedance traces of the shortest length possible
should be used to connect to the signal I/O pins and should not
pass over any voids in the ground plane. A 75 Ω impedance
level is typically used in video applications. All signal outputs of
the ADA4412-3 should include series termination resistors
when driving transmission lines.
When the ADA4412-3 receives its inputs from a device
with current outputs, the required load resistor value for
the output current is often different from the characteristic
impedance of the signal traces. In this case, if the interconnec-
tions are sufficiently short (<< 0.1 wavelength), the trace does
not have to be terminated in its characteristic impedance.
Traces of 75  can be used in this instance, provided their
lengths are an inch or two at the most. This is easily achieved
because the ADA4412-3 and the device feeding it are usually
adjacent to each other, and connections can be made that are
less than one inch in length.
VIDEO ENCODER RECONSTRUCTION FILTER
The ADA4412-3 is easily applied as a reconstruction filter at the
DAC outputs of a video encoder.
Figure 20 illustrates how to use
the ADA4412-3 in this type of application with an ADV7322 video
encoder in a single-supply application with ac-coupled outputs.

ADA4412-3ARQZ-RL

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
Analog Devices Inc.
Description:
Video ICs Intg Triple Video Filter
Lifecycle:
New from this manufacturer.
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