Data Sheet ADF4360-8
Rev. D | Page 21 of 24
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
CHOOSING THE CORRECT INDUCTANCE VALUE
The ADF4360-8 can be used at many different frequencies
simply by choosing the external inductors to give the correct
output frequency. Figure 22 shows a graph of both minimum
and maximum frequency vs. the external inductor value. The
correct inductor should cover the maximum and minimum
frequencies desired. The inductors used are 0603 CS or 0805 CS
type from Coilcraft. To reduce mutual coupling, the inductors
should be placed at right angles to one another.
The lowest center frequency of oscillation possible is approxi-
mately 65 MHz, which is achieved using 560 nH inductors. This
relationship can be expressed by

EXT
O
L
F
nH0.9pF9.32π
1
where F
O
is the center frequency and L
EXT
is the external induct-
ance.
0
150
50
100
350
250
300
200
450
400
0 100 200 300 400 600500
INDUCTANCE (nH)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
04763-025
Figure 22. Output Center Frequency vs. External Inductor Value
The approximate value of capacitance at the midpoint of the
center band of the VCO is 9.3 pF, and the approximate value of
internal inductance due to the bond wires is 0.9 nH. The VCO
sensitivity is a measure of the frequency change vs. the tuning
voltage. It is a very important parameter for the low-pass filter.
Figure 23 shows a graph of the tuning sensitivity (in MHz/V)
vs. the inductance (nH). It can be seen that as the inductance
increases, the sensitivity decreases. This relationship can be
derived from the equation above; that is, since the inductance
has increased, the change in capacitance from the varactor has
less of an effect on the frequency.
0
4
2
10
8
6
12
0 100 200 300 400 600500
INDUCTANCE (nH)
SENSITIVITY (MHz/V)
04763-026
Figure 23. Tuning Sensitivity (in MHz/V) vs. Inductance (nH)
FIXED FREQUENCY LO
Figure 24 shows the ADF4360-8 used as a fixed frequency LO at
200 MHz. The low-pass filter was designed using ADIsimPLL
for a channel spacing of 2 MHz and an open-loop bandwidth of
100 kHz. The maximum PFD frequency of the ADF4360-8 is
8 MHz. Since using a larger PFD frequency allows the use of a
smaller N, the in-band phase noise is reduced to as low as pos-
sible, −109 dBc/Hz. The typical rms phase noise (100 Hz to
100 kHz) of the LO in this configuration is 0.09°. The reference
frequency is from a 16 MHz TCXO from Fox; thus, an R value of
2 is programmed. Taking into account the high PFD frequency
and its effect on the band select logic, the band select clock
divider is enabled. In this case, a value of 8 is chosen. A very
simple shunt inductor and dc-blocking capacitor complete the RF
output stage.
SPI-COMPATIBLE SERIAL BUS
ADF4360-8
V
VCO
V
VCO
FOX
801BE-160
16MHz
V
VCO
CPGND AGND DGND L1 L2
RF
OUT
B
RF
OUT
A
CP
1nF
47pF
68nH470
68nH
470
22nF
56nH 56nH
680pF
51
100pF
100pF
1nF1nF
10F
4.7k
6.8k
15k
R
SET
C
C
LE
DATA
CLK
REF
IN
C
N
V
TUNE
DV
DD
AV
DD
CE MUXOUT
5
4
24
7
2023221
6
14
16
17
18
19
13
1 3 8
9
1011 22 15
12
V
VDD
LOCK
DETECT
04763-027
Figure 24. Fixed Frequency LO
ADF4360-8 Data Sheet
Rev. D | Page 22 of 24
INTERFACING
The ADF4360-8 has a simple SPI-compatible serial interface for
writing to the device. CLK, DATA, and LE control the data
transfer. When LE goes high, the 24 bits that have been clocked
into the appropriate register on each rising edge of CLK are
transferred to the appropriate latch. See Figure 2 for the timing
diagram and Table 5 for the latch truth table.
The maximum allowable serial clock rate is 20 MHz. This
means that the maximum update rate possible is 833 kHz, or
one update every 1.2 μs. This is more than adequate for systems
that have typical lock times in hundreds of microseconds.
ADuC812 Interface
Figure 25 shows the interface between the ADF4360-8 and the
ADuC812 MicroConverter®. Since the ADuC812 is based on an
8051 core, this interface can be used with any 8051-based mi-
crocontrollers. The MicroConverter is set up for SPI master
mode with CPHA = 0. To initiate the operation, the I/O port
driving LE is brought low. Each latch of the ADF4360-8 needs a
24-bit word, which is accomplished by writing three 8-bit bytes
from the MicroConverter to the device. After the third byte has
been written, the LE input should be brought high to complete
the transfer.
04763-028
ADuC812
ADF4360-8
SCLK
SDATA
LE
CE
MUXOUT
(LOCK DETECT)
SCLOCK
MOSI
I/O PORTS
Figure 25. ADuC812 to ADF4360-8 Interface
I/O port lines on the ADuC812 are also used to control power-
down (CE input) and detect lock (MUXOUT configured as lock
detect and polled by the port input). When operating in the
described mode, the maximum SCLOCK rate of the ADuC812
is 4 MHz. This means that the maximum rate at which the
output frequency can be changed is 166 kHz.
ADSP-2181 Interface
Figure 26 shows the interface between the ADF4360-8 and the
ADSP-2181 digital signal processor. The ADF4360-8 needs a
24-bit serial word for each latch write. The easiest way to ac-
complish this using the ADSP-2181 is to use the autobuffered
transmit mode of operation with alternate framing. This pro-
vides a means for transmitting an entire block of serial data
before an interrupt is generated.
04763-029
ADSP-2181
ADF4360-8
SCLK
SDATA
LE
CE
MUXOUT
(LOCK DETECT)
SCLOCK
MOSI
TFS
I/O PORTS
Figure 26. ADSP-2181 to ADF4360-8 Interface
Set up the word length for 8 bits and use three memory loca-
tions for each 24-bit word. To program each 24-bit latch, store
the 8-bit bytes, enable the autobuffered mode, and write to the
transmit register of the DSP. This last operation initiates the
autobuffer transfer.
PCB DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR CHIP SCALE PACKAGE
The leads on the chip scale package (CP-24) are rectangular.
The printed circuit board pad for these should be 0.1 mm long-
er than the package lead length and 0.05 mm wider than the
package lead width. The lead should be centered on the pad to
ensure that the solder joint size is maximized.
The bottom of the chip scale package has a central thermal pad.
The thermal pad on the printed circuit board should be at least
as large as this exposed pad. On the printed circuit board, there
should be a clearance of at least 0.25 mm between the thermal
pad and the inner edges of the pad pattern to ensure that short-
ing is avoided.
Thermal vias may be used on the printed circuit board thermal
pad to improve thermal performance of the package. If vias
are used, they should be incorporated into the thermal pad at
1.2 mm pitch grid. The via diameter should be between 0.3 mm
and 0.33 mm, and the via barrel should be plated with 1 ounce
of copper to plug the via.
The user should connect the printed circuit thermal pad to
AGND. This is internally connected to AGND.
Data Sheet ADF4360-8
Rev. D | Page 23 of 24
OUTPUT MATCHING
There are a number of ways to match the output of the
ADF4360-8 for optimum operation; the most basic is to use a
50 Ω resistor to V
VCO
. A dc bypass capacitor of 100 pF is
connected in series, as shown in Figure 27. Because the resistor
is not frequency dependent, this provides a good broadband
match. The output power in the circuit below typically gives
−9 dBm output power into a 50 Ω load.
100pF
04763-030
RF
OUT
V
VCO
50
51
Figure 27. Simple ADF4360-8 Output Stage
A better solution is to use a shunt inductor (acting as an RF
choke) to V
VCO
. This gives a better match and, therefore, more
output power.
Experiments have shown that the circuit shown in Figure 28
provides an excellent match to 50 over the operating range of
the ADF4360-8. This gives approximately 0 dBm output power
across the specific frequency range of the ADF4360-8 using the
recommended shunt inductor, followed by a 100 pF dc blocking
capacitor.
L
100pF
04763-031
RF
OUT
V
VCO
50
Figure 28. Optimum ADF4360-8 Output Stage
The recommended value of this inductor changes with the VCO
center frequency. A graph of the optimum inductor value vs.
frequency is shown in Figure 29.
CENTRE FREQUENCY (MHz)
INDUCTANCE (nH)
300
250
150
200
100
0
50
0
100
200
300 5000
400
04763-032
Figure 29. Optimum ADF4360-8 Shunt Inductor
Both complementary architectures can be examined using the
EV-ADF4360-8EB1Z evaluation board. If the user does not
need the differential outputs available on the ADF4360-8, the
user should either terminate the unused output or combine
both outputs using a balun. Alternatively, instead of the LC
balun, both outputs may be combined using a 180° rat-race
coupler.

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