SL28647
.....................Document #: 001-05103 Rev *B Page 13 of 27
shift between series and parallel crystals due to incorrect
loading.
Crystal Loading
Crystal loading plays a critical role in achieving low ppm perfor-
mance. To realize low ppm performance, the total capacitance
the crystal will see must be considered to calculate the appro-
priate capacitive loading (CL).
Figure 1 shows a typical crystal configuration using the two
trim capacitors. An important clarification for the following
discussion is that the trim capacitors are in series with the
crystal not parallel. It’s a common misconception that load
capacitors are in parallel with the crystal and should be
approximately equal to the load capacitance of the crystal.
This is not true.
Calculating Load Capacitors
In addition to the standard external trim capacitors, trace
capacitance and pin capacitance must also be considered to
correctly calculate crystal loading. As mentioned previously,
the capacitance on each side of the crystal is in series with the
crystal. This means the total capacitance on each side of the
crystal must be twice the specified crystal load capacitance
(CL). While the capacitance on each side of the crystal is in
series with the crystal, trim capacitors (Ce1,Ce2) should be
calculated to provide equal capacitive loading on both sides.
Use the following formulas to calculate the trim capacitor
values for Ce1 and Ce2.
CL....................................................Crystal load capacitance
CLe......................................... Actual loading seen by crystal
using standard value trim capacitors
Ce..................................................... External trim capacitors
Cs..............................................Stray capacitance (terraced)
Ci ...........................................................Internal capacitance
(lead frame, bond wires etc.)
CLK_REQ# Description
The CLKREQ# signals are active LOW inputs used for clean
enabling and disabling selected SRC outputs. The outputs
controlled by CLKREQ# are determined by the settings in
register byte 8. The CLKREQ# signal is a de-bounced signal
in that it’s state must remain unchanged during two consec-
utive rising edges of SRCC to be recognized as a valid
assertion or deassertion. (The assertion and deassertion of
this signal is absolutely asynchronous.)
CLK_REQ[1:9]# Assertion (CLKREQ# -> LOW)
All differential outputs that were stopped are to resume normal
operation in a glitch-free manner. The maximum latency from
the assertion to active outputs is between 2 and 6 SRC clock
periods (2 clocks are shown) with all SRC outputs resuming
simultaneously. All stopped SRC outputs must be driven HIGH
within 10 ns of CLKREQ# deassertion to a voltage greater than
200 mV.
Figure 1. Crystal Capacitive Clarification
Figure 2. Crystal Loading Example
Load Capacitance (each side)
Total Capacitance (as seen by the crystal)
Ce = 2 * CL – (Cs + Ci)
Ce1 + Cs1 + Ci1
1
+
Ce2 + Cs2 + Ci2
1
()
1
=
CLe
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.....................Document #: 001-05103 Rev *B Page 14 of 27
CLK_REQ[1:9]# Deassertion (CLKREQ# -> HIGH)
The impact of deasserting the CLKREQ# pins is that all SRC
outputs that are set in the control registers to stoppable via
deassertion of CLKREQ# are to be stopped after their next
transition. The final state of all stopped SRC clocks is
Low/Low.
PD (Power-down) Clarification
The CK_PWRGD/PD# pin is a dual-function pin. During initial
power-up, the pin functions as CK_PWRGD. Once
CK_PWRGD has been sampled HIGH by the clock chip, the
pin assumes PD# functionality. The PD# pin is an
asynchronous active LOW input used to shut off all clocks
cleanly prior to shutting off power to the device. This signal is
synchronized internal to the device prior to powering down the
clock synthesizer. PD# is also an asynchronous input for
powering up the system. When PD# is asserted LOW, all
clocks need to be driven to a LOW value and held prior to
turning off the VCOs and the crystal oscillator.
PD (Power-down) Assertion
When PD# is sampled LOW by two consecutive rising edges
of CPUC, all single-ended outputs will be held LOW on their
next HIGH-to-LOW transition and differential clocks must be
held HIGH or tri-stated (depending on the state of the control
register drive mode bit) on the next diff clock# HIGH-to-LOW
transition within 4 clock periods. When the SMBus PD drive
mode bit corresponding to the differential (CPU, SRC, and
DOT) clock output of interest is programmed to ‘0’, the clock
outputs are held with “Diff clock” pin driven HIGH, and “Diff
clock#” tri-state. If the control register PD drive mode bit corre-
sponding to the output of interest is programmed to “1”, then
both the “Diff clock” and the “Diff clock#” are tri-state. Note that
Figure 4 shows CPUT = 133 MHz and PD drive mode = ‘1’ for
all differential outputs. This diagram and description is appli-
cable to valid CPU frequencies 100, 133, 166, and 200 MHz.
In the event that PD mode is desired as the initial power-on
state, PD must be asserted HIGH in less than 10 s after
asserting CK_PWRGD. It should be noted that 96_100_SSC
will follow the DOT waveform when selected for 96 MHz and
the SRC waveform when in 100-MHz mode.
PD Deassertion
The power-up latency is less than 1.8 ms. This is the time from
the deassertion of the PD pin or the ramping of the power
supply until the time that stable clocks are output from the
clock chip. All differential outputs stopped in a three-state
condition resulting from power down will be driven high in less
than 300 s of PD deassertion to a voltage greater than
200 mV. After the clock chip’s internal PLL is powered up and
locked, all outputs will be enabled within a few clock cycles of
each other. Figure 5 is an example showing the relationship of
clocks coming up. It should be noted that 96_100_SSC will
follow the DOT waveform when selected for 96 MHz and the
SRC waveform when in 100-MHz mode.
Figure 3. CLK_REQ#[1:9] Deassertion/Assertion Waveform
Figure 4. Power-down Assertion Timing Waveform
PD#
USB, 48MHz
DOT96T
DOT96C
SRCT 100MHz
SRCC 100MHz
CPUT, 133MHz
PCI, 33 MHz
REF
CPUC, 133MHz
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.....................Document #: 001-05103 Rev *B Page 15 of 27
CPU_STP# Assertion
The CPU_STP# signal is an active LOW input used for
synchronous stopping and starting the CPU output clocks
while the rest of the clock generator continues to function.
When the CPU_STP# pin is asserted, all CPU outputs that are
set with the SMBus configuration to be stoppable via assertion
of CPU_STP# will be stopped within two–six CPU clock
periods after being sampled by two rising edges of the internal
CPUC clock. The final state of all stopped CPU clocks is
High/Low when driven, Low/Low when tri-stated.
Figure 5. Power-down Deassertion Timing Waveform
DOT96C
PD#
CPUC, 133MHz
CPUT, 133MHz
SRCC 100MHz
USB, 48MHz
DOT96T
SRCT 100MHz
Tstable
<1.8ms
PCI, 33MHz
REF
Tdrive_PWRDN#
<300S, >200mV
CPU_STP#
CPUT
CPUC
Figure 6. CPU_STP# Assertion Waveform
CPU_STP#
CPUT
CPUC
CPUT Internal
Tdrive_CPU_STP#,10 ns>200 mV
CPUC Internal
Figure 7. CPU_STP# Deassertion Waveform

SL28647BLCT

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