Z87200
Zilog Spread-Spectrum Transceiver
4-35
4
Saturation protection is implemented for those cases when
the Frequency Discriminator output signal level overflows
the scaled range selected for the Loop Filter. When the
scaled value range is exceeded, the saturation protection
limits the output word to the maximum or minimum value
of the range according to whether the positive or negative
boundary was exceeded.
Address 34
H
:
Bits 4-0 — K2 Gain Value
Bits 4-0 control the gain factor K2 within the Loop Filter.
The gain factor multiplies the signal before the K2 accumu-
lator by a value of 2
n
, where n is the 5-bit K2 Gain Value.
The value must range from 0 to 21 (15
H
) as shown in Table
15.
Bit 5 — K2 On
This bit enables or disables the K2 path of the Loop Filter.
Setting this bit low resets the K2 accumulator and keeps it
reset; setting this bit high enables the path and turns on
K2.
Bit 6 — Carry In One Half
When this bit is set high, the value of 1/2 of an LSB is add-
ed to the accumulator of the K2 path of the Loop Filter
each symbol period. This function can be useful in cases
where the scale and gain functions that precede the accu-
mulator produce quantized values with significant error. In
such cases, the processing of two’s complement numbers
by the accumulator will compound the error over time.
Since truncation of two’s complement numbers leads to a
negative bias of 1/2 of an LSB when the error is random,
adding 1/2 of an LSB per symbol can compensate by av-
eraging the error to zero.
When bit 6 of address 34
H
is set high, a value of 1/2 will be
added to the accumulator input each symbol cycle; when
it is low, a zero will be added.
Address 35
H
:
Bits 4-0 — K1 Gain Value
Bits 4-0 control the gain factor K1 within the Loop Filter.
The gain factor multiplies the signal by a value of 2
n
, where
n is the 5-bit K1 Gain Value. The value must range from 0
to 21 (15
H
), as shown in Table 16.
Bit 5 — K1 On
This bit enables or disables the K1 path of the Loop Filter.
Setting this bit low disables the K1 path; setting this bit high
enables the path and turns on K1.
Bit 6 — Freeze Loop
This bit enables the Loop Filter to be held constant during
symbol cycles, thereby fixing the output frequency of the
NCO at the value established by the Loop Filter when bit 6
was set high. This function can be useful in cases where a
carrier offset has been tracked by the Loop Filter and ad-
ditional Doppler offsets are to be ignored.
When this bit is set high, it freezes the output of the Loop
Filter; when it is set low, the Loop Filter is enabled and pro-
cesses the frequency error information in the usual way.
Table 16. K2 Gain Values
Bits 4-0 Gain in K2 Path
00
H
2
0
01
H
2
1
• • • • • •
• • • • • •
14
H
2
20
15
H
2
21
Table 17. K1 Gain Values
Bits 4-0 Gain in K1 Path
00
H
20
01
H
21
••••• •••••
••••• •••••
14
H
2
20
15
H
2
21
PS010202-0601
Z87200
Spread-Spectrum Transceiver Zilog
4-36
CONTROL REGISTERS (Continued)
Output Processor Control Registers
Address 36
H
:
Bit 0 — Reverse I and Q
In QPSK mode, the order in which the received I and Q bit
information is output may be reversed by setting this bit
high. This function has the effect of interchanging I and Q
channels. Normally, when this bit is set low, the I-channel
bit will precede the Q-channel bit in each symbol period.
When bit 0 is set high, the Q-channel bit will precede the I-
channel bit each symbol period.
Bit 1 — BPSK Enable
This bit configures the Output Processor to output either
one bit per symbol (BPSK mode) or two bits per symbol
(QPSK mode). In addition, it enables the user to output the
I-channel information only or the Q-channel information
only, depending on the value of bit 0. Table 18 shows the
configuration of the output processor for all combinations
of the values of bits 0 and 1.
Bit 1 also sets the Frequency Discriminator into either
BPSK or QPSK mode. The Z87200 receiver uses Dot and
Cross product results generated within the DPSK Demod-
ulator to develop the error signal used to form a closed-
loop AFC for carrier frequency acquisition and tracking.
When bit 1 is set high, the discriminator circuitry is in BPSK
mode and the Frequency Discriminator function is calcu-
lated as:
Cross
16-0
x Dot
MSB
.
When bit 1 is set low, the discriminator circuitry is in QPSK
mode and the Frequency Discriminator function is calcu-
lated as:
(Cross
16-0
x Dot
MSB
) – (Dot
16-0
x Cross
MSB
).
Bit 2 – Invert Output
This bit inverts the output bits of both the I and Q Chan-
nels. The inversion will occur at the output pins RXOUT,
RXIOUT, and RXQOUT.
When this bit is set low, the outputs are not inverted; when
it is set high, the outputs are inverted.
Output Processor Control Registers
Address 37
H
:
Bit 0 — NCO Enable
The function of this bit is to allow the power consumed by
the operation of the NCO circuitry to be minimized when
the Z87200 is not receiving. The NCO can also be disabled
while the Z87200 is transmitting provided that the
Z87200’s on-chip BPSK/QPSK modulator is not being
used. With the instantaneous acquisition properties of the
PN Matched Filter, it is often desirable to shut down the re-
ceiver circuitry to reduce power consumption, resuming re-
ception periodically until an Acquisition/Preamble symbol
is acquired. Setting bit 0 low holds the NCO in a reset
state; setting bit 0 high then reactivates the NCO, where it
is necessary to reload the frequency control word into the
NCO. Note that this bit operates independently of bits 1
(Transmitter Enable) and 2 (Receiver Enable), where
those bits have similar control over the transmit and re-
ceive circuitry, respectively.
Bit 0 of address 37
H
performs the same function as MN-
COEN, and these two signals are logically ORed together
to form the overall control function. When bit 0 is set low,
MNCOEN controls the activity of the NCO circuitry and,
when MNCOEN is set low, bit 0 controls the activity of the
NCO circuitry. When either bit 0 or MNCOEN (whichever
is in control, as defined above) goes low, a reset sequence
occurs on the following RXIFCLK cycle to virtually disable
all of the NCO circuitry, although the user programmable
control registers are not affected by the power down se-
quence. Upon reactivation (when either MNCOEN or bit 0
of address 37
H
return high), the NCO must be reloaded
with frequency control information either by means of the
MFLD input or by writing 01
H
into address 00
H
.
Bit 1 — Transmitter Enable
A rising edge on this bit causes the transmit sequence to
begin so that the Z87200 first transmits a single Acquisi-
tion/Preamble symbol followed by data symbols. Bit 1 of
address 37
H
should be set low after the last symbol has
been transmitted to minimize power consumption of the
transmitter circuit. Bit 1 of address 37
H
operates indepen-
dently of bits 2 and 0, where those bits have similar control
over the receive and NCO circuitry, respectively.
Table 18. Output Processor Modes
Bit 1 Bit 0 Output Processor Mode
0 0 QPSK mode with I-Channel Bit
Preceding Q-Channel Bit
0 1 QPSK mode with Q-Channel Bit
Preceding I-Channel Bit
1 0 BPSK mode with I-Channel
Information Output
1 1 BPSK mode with Q-Channel
Information Output
PS010202-0601
Z87200
Zilog Spread-Spectrum Transceiver
4-37
4
When input signal MTXEN is set low, bit 1 of address 37
H
controls the activity of the transmit circuitry and, when
MTXEN is set low, bit 1 controls this function. When either
bit 1 or MTXEN (whichever is in control, as defined above)
goes low, a reset sequence occurs on the following TXIF-
CLK cycle to virtually disable all of the transmitter data
path, although the user programmable control registers
are not affected by the power down sequence.
Bit 2 — Receiver Enable
The function of this bit is to allow power consumed by the
operation of the receiver circuitry to be minimized when the
device is not receiving. With the instantaneous acquisition
properties of the PN Matched Filter, it is often desirable to
shut down the receiver circuitry to reduce power consump-
tion, resuming reception periodically until an Acquisi-
tion/Preamble symbol is acquired. Setting bit 2 low reduc-
es the power consumption substantially. When bit 2 is set
high, the receiver will automatically power up in acquisition
mode regardless of its prior state when it was powered
down. Bit 2 of address 37
H
operates independently of bits
1 and 0 of address 37
H
, where these signals have similar
control over the transmit and NCO circuitry, respectively.
Bit 2 of address 37
H
performs the same function as MRX-
EN, and these two signals are logically ORed together to
form the overall control function. When bit 2 of address 37
H
is set low, MRXEN controls the activity of the receiver cir-
cuitry and, when MRXEN is set low, bit 2 of address 37
H
controls the activity of the receiver circuitry. When either bit
2 or MRXEN (whichever is in control, as defined above)
goes low, a reset sequence begins on the following RXIF-
CLK cycle and continues through a total of six RXIFCLK
cycles to virtually disable all of the receiver data paths. The
user- programmable control registers are not affected by
the power down sequence, with the exception of
RXTEST
7-0
(address 38
H
), which is reset to 0. If the
RXTEST
7-0
bus is being used to read any function other
than the PN Matched Filter I and Q inputs, the value must
be rewritten.
Address 38
H
:
Bits 3-0 — RXTEST
7-0
Function Select
The data stored in bits 3-0 of address 38
H
selects the sig-
nal available at the RXTEST
7-0
bus (pins 41-48). These
pins provide access to 16 test points within the receiver ac-
cording to the data stored in bits 3-0 of address 38
H
and
the assignments shown in The validity of the RXTEST
7-0
outputs at RXIFCLK speeds greater than 20 MHz is de-
pendent on the output selected: outputs that change more
rapidly than once per symbol may be indeterminate.
Note that the reset sequence that occurs when the receiv-
er is disabled will also reset the contents of address 38
H
to
a value of 0. If the RXTEST7-0 bus is to be used to observe
any function other than the PN Matched Filter I and Q in-
puts, then the appropriate value must be rewritten.
Address 39
H
:
Bits 6-0 — Matched Filter Power Saver
The data stored in bits 6-0 of address 39
H
allows the un-
used sections of the PN Matched Filter to be turned off
when the PN Matched Filter is configured to be less than
64 taps long for data symbols. All taps are always fully
powered when the device is in acquisition mode.
The PN Matched Filter is split into seven 9-tap sections,
and the power to each section is controlled by the settings
of bits 6-0 of address 39
H
, as shown in Table 19.
Power control is not provided for Tap 0, the first tap of the
PN Matched Filter, since Tap 0 is always used no matter
what the PN code length. Setting a bit high in bits 6-0 of ad-
dress 39
H
turns off the power to the corresponding block
of taps of the PN Matched Filter. The power should only be
turned off to those blocks of taps for which all the tap coef-
ficients in that block have been set to zero
Address 3A
H
:
Receiver Data Symbols per Burst (bits 15-8)
The data stored as two bytes in addresses 2E
H
(LS byte)
and 3A
H
(MS byte) defines the number of data symbols per
burst. This unsigned value must range from 3 to 65,535
(0003
H
to FFFF
H
), and the number of data symbols per
burst will be this value minus 2, giving a range of 1 to
65,533. Note that the range is slightly different from that in
the transmitter. Once the number of received data symbols
processed exceeds this number, the burst is assumed to
have ended and the Z87200 immediately returns to acqui-
sition mode to await the next burst.
Table 19. Matched Filter Tap Power Control
Bit in Addr. 39
H
MF Taps Controlled
0 1-9
1 10-18
2 19-27
3 28-36
4 37-45
5 46-54
6 55-64
PS010202-0601

Z8720045FSC

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
ZiLOG
Description:
RF Transceiver SS MODEM
Lifecycle:
New from this manufacturer.
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