LTC6912
16
6912fa
INA, INB: Analog Inputs. The input signal to the A channel
amplifier of the LTC6912-X is the voltage difference be-
tween the INA pin and AGND pin. Likewise, the input signal
to the B channel amplifier of the LTC6912-X is the voltage
difference between the INB pin and AGND pin. The INA (or
INB) pin connects internally to a digitally controlled resis-
tance whose other end is a current summing point at the
same potential as the AGND pin (Figure 1). At unity gain,
the value of this input resistance is approximately 10k
and the INA (or INB) pin voltage range is rail-to-rail (V
+
to
V
). At gain settings above unity, the input resistance falls.
The linear input range at INA and INB also falls inversely
proportional to the programmed gain. Tables 1 and 2
summarize this behavior. The higher gains are designed to
boost lower level signals with good noise performance. In
the “zero” gain state (state = 0), or in software shutdown
(state = 8) analog switches disconnect the INA or INB pin
internally and this pin presents a very high input resis-
tance. In the “zero” gain state (state = 0), the input may
vary from rail to rail but the output is insensitive to it and
is forced to the AGND potential. Circuitry driving the INA
and INB pins must consider the LTC6912-X’s input resis-
tance, its process variance, and the variation of this
resistance from gain setting to gain setting. Signal sources
with significant output resistance may introduce a gain
error as the source’s output resistance and the LTC6912-
X’s input resistance forms a voltage divider. This is espe-
cially true at higher gain settings where the input resis-
tance is the lowest.
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Figure 1. GN-16 Block Diagram
+
+
MOS INPUT
OP AMP
MOS INPUT
OP AMP
V
+
V
+
V
SHDN
CS/LD
DATA
CLK
6912 BD
LOWER
NIBBLE
UPPER
NIBBLE
8-BIT
LATCH
8-BIT
SHIFT-REGISTER
INPUT R ARRAY
FEEDBACK R ARRAY
INPUT R ARRAY
FEEDBACK R ARRAY
CHANNEL A CHANNEL B
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
5
3
1 16
15
13
14
12
10
11
6
7
8
9
2
4
NC
INA
AGND
V
OUT A
OUT B
NC
V
+
NC
DGND
D
OUT
INB
100k
100k
In single supply voltage applications, the LTC6912-X’s DC
ground reference for both input and output is AGND, not
V
–.
With increasing gains, the LTC6912-X’s input voltage
range for an unclipped output is no longer rail-to-rail but
diminishes inversely to gain, centered about the AGND
potential.
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
UW
LTC6912-2 Gain Shift vs
Temperature (Heavy Load)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
–50 25 75
–25 0
50 100 125
GAIN CHANGE (dB)
0.25
0
–0.25
–0.50
–0.75
–1.00
6912 G26
V
S
= 5V
R
L
= 500
GAIN = 1
GAIN = 8
GAIN = 64
LTC6912
17
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AGND: Analog Ground. The AGND pin is at the midpoint of
an internal resistive voltage divider, developing a potential
halfway between the V
+
and V
pins. In normal operation,
the AGND pin has an equivalent input resistance of nomi-
nally 50k (Figure 1). In order to reduce the quiescent
supply current in hardware shutdown (SHDN pin pulled to
V
+
, GN-16 only), the equivalent series resistance of this
pin significantly increases (to a value on the order of
800k with 5V supplies, but is highly supply voltage,
temperature, and process dependent). AGND is the
noninverting input to both the internal channel A and
channel B amplifiers. This makes AGND the ground refer-
ence voltage for the INA, INB, OUTA, and OUTB pins.
Recommended analog ground plane connection depends
on how power is applied to the LTC6912-X (See Figures 2,
3, and 4). Single power supply applications typically use
V
for the system signal ground. The analog ground plane
in single-supply applications should therefore tie to V
,
and the AGND pin should be bypassed to this ground plane
by a high quality capacitor of at least 0.1µF (Figure 2). The
AGND pin provides an internal analog reference voltage at
half the V
+
supply voltage. Dual supply applications with
symmetrical supplies (such as ±5V) have a natural system
ground plane potential of zero volts, in which the AGND pin
can be directly tied to, making the zero volt ground plane
the input and output reference voltage for the LTC6912-X
(Figure 3). Finally, if dual asymmetrical power supplies are
used, the supply ground is still the natural ground plane
voltage. To maximize signal swing capability with an
asymmetrical supply, however, it is often desirable to refer
the LTC6912-X’s analog input and output to a voltage
equidistant from the two supply rails V
+
and V
. The AGND
pin will provide such a potential when open-circuited and
bypassed with a capacitor (Figure 4). In noise sensitive
applications where AGND does not tie directly to a ground
plane, as in Figures 2 and 4, it is important to AC-bypass
the AGND pin. Otherwise channel to channel isolation is
degraded, and wideband noise will enter the signal path
from the thermal noise of the internal voltage divider
resistors which present a Thévenin equivalent resistance
of approximately 50k. This noise can reduce SNR by at
least 15dB at high gain settings. An external capacitor
from AGND to the ground plane, whose impedance is well
below 50k at frequencies of interest, will filter and
suppress this noise. A 0.1µF high quality capacitor is
effective for frequencies down to 1kHz. Larger capacitors
will extend this suppression to lower frequencies. This
issue does not arise in dual supply applications because
the AGND pin ties directly to ground. In applications
requiring an analog ground reference other than half the
total supply voltage, the user can override the built-in
analog ground reference by tying the AGND pin to a
reference voltage with the AGND voltage range specified in
the Electrical Characteristics Table. The AGND pin will load
the external reference with approximately 50k returned
to the half-supply potential. AGND should still be capaci-
tively bypassed to a ground plane as noted above. Do not
connect the AGND pin to the V
pin.
Figure 2. Single Supply Ground Plane Connection
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
LTC6912-X
SERIAL
INTERFACE
0.1µF
V
+
DIGITAL GROUND PLANE
ANALOG GROUND PLANE
SINGLE-POINT
SYSTEM GND
0.1µF
V
+
2
REFERENCE
6912 F02
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Figure 3. Symmetrical Dual Supply Ground Plane Connection
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
LTC6912-X
SERIAL
INTERFACE
0.1µF
0.1µF
V
+
V
DIGITAL GROUND PLANE
ANALOG GROUND PLANE
6912 F03
SINGLE-POINT
SYSTEM GND
LTC6912
18
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SHDN (GN-16 ONLY): CMOS Compatible Logic Hardware
Shutdown Input. The LTC6912-X has two shutdown modes.
One is a software shutdown state which can be software
programmed into either Channel A, Channel B, or both.
The software shutdown, when programmed to a particular
channel (state = 8), will disable that channel’s amplifier
and tri-state open its analog input and analog output. The
serial interface, however is still active. A hardware shut-
down occurs when the SHDN pin is pulled to the positive
rail. In this condition, both amplifiers and serial interface
are disabled. The SHDN pin is allowed to swing from V
to
10.5V above V
, regardless of V
+
so long as the logic levels
meet the minimum requirements specified in the Electrical
Characteristics table. The SHDN pin is a high impedance
CMOS logic input, but has a small pull-down current
source (<10µA) which will force SHDN low if the logic
input is externally floated. On initial power up (with SHDN
open), or coming out of the hardware shutdown mode
(pulling SHDN to V
), both amplifiers are reset into the
power-on reset state (software shutdown mode, state = 8)
for both channels.
CS/LD: TTL/CMOS Compatible Logic Input. When this pin
is asserted low, the CLK pin is enabled, and the 8-bit shift
register serially shifts the shift register contents and
whatever data is present on the D
IN
pin into the shift
register on the rising edge of CLK. On the rising edge of
CS/LD, the contents of the shift register data are loaded
into the eight bit latch which configures the gain state of
both channel A and channel B amplifiers. A logic high on
CS/LD inhibits the CLK signal internally to the IC.
D
IN
: TTL/CMOS Compatible Logic Serial Data Input. The
serial interface is synchronously loaded MSB first via D
IN
on the rising edge of CLK with CS/LD asserted low.
CLK: TTL/CMOS Compatible Logic Input. With CS/LD
asserted low, the clock synchronizes the loading of the
serial shift register on its rising and falling edges. Data is
shifted in at D
IN
on the rising edge of CLK and is shifted out
on D
OUT
on the falling edge of CLK.
D
OUT
: TTL/CMOS Compatible Logic Output. The MSB of
the shift register contents is shifted out at D
OUT
on the
falling edge of CLK. The output at D
OUT
swings between V
+
and DGND, and is rated to drive approximately 15pF.
DGND: Digital Ground: The DGND pin defines the potential
from which LOGIC levels V
IH
and V
IL
for the 3-wire serial
digital interface are referenced. The recommended con-
nection of DGND depends on how power is applied to the
LTC6912 (See Figures 2, 3, and 4). (CAVEAT: Under no
conditions is DGND to exceed either supply pins V
+
and
V
, which could result in damage to the IC if not current
limited.)
Single power supply applications typically use V
for the
system signal ground. The preferred connection for DGND
is therefore V
(See Figure 2).
Dual supply applications with symmetrical supplies (such
as ±5V) have a natural system ground potential of zero
volts, in which the DGND pin can be tied to, making the
zero volt ground plane the logic reference (Figure 3).
Finally, if dual asymmetrical power supplies are used, the
system ground is still the natural ground plane voltage.
V
, V
+
: Power Supply Pins. The V
+
and V
pins should be
bypassed with 0.1µF capacitors to an adequate analog
ground plane using the shortest possible wiring. Electri-
cally clean supplies and a low impedance ground are
important for the high dynamic range available from the
LTC6912 (see further details under the AGND pin descrip-
tion). Low noise linear power supplies are recommended.
Switching power supplies require special care to prevent
switching noise coupling into the signal path, reducing
dynamic range.
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Figure 4. Asymmetrical Dual Supply Ground Plane Connection
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
LTC6912-X
SERIAL
INTERFACE
0.1µF
0.1µF
V
+
V
DIGITAL GROUND PLANE
ANALOG GROUND PLANE
0.1µF
V
+
+
V
2
REFERENCE
6912 F04
SINGLE-POINT
SYSTEM GND

LTC6912CDE-1#TRPBF

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
Analog Devices Inc.
Description:
Special Purpose Amplifiers 2x Progmable Gain Amps w/ Serial Dig Int
Lifecycle:
New from this manufacturer.
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