NCP81233
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37
V
IMON
+ 20
R
X
R
DFB
Σ
N
n+1
ǒ
V
ISPn
* V
ISNn
Ǔ
(eq. 15)
The I
2
C interface conveys the IOUT value to the master
by command Read_IOUT. The maximum value in the IOUT
register 0x8Ch is 00FFh which is 255 in decimal. For
applications with a maximum load equal to or less than
255A, the value IOUT
8Ch
in the register is 1 A per LSB
which directly represents the output load current value in
Amperes. For applications with a maximum load greater
than 255 A, the real output current value can be obtained
from the reading IOUT
8Ch
in the register with a coefficient
of I
OUT_MAX
/255.
IOUT
8Ch
if I
OUT_MAX
255 A
(eq. 16)
I
OUT
+
IOUT
8Ch
255
I
OUT_MAX
if I
OUT_MAX
u 255 A
Load Line Programming
In applications with a need of programmable load line, the
output of the droop amplifier needs to be connected to FB
pin by an external resistor RDRP as shown in Figure 16.
Droop voltage VDROOP in DIFFOUT output can be
obtained by:
V
DROOP
+ 2
R
FB1
R
DRP
R
X
R
DFB
Σ
N
n+1
ǒ
V
ISPn
* V
ISNn
Ǔ
(eq. 17)
DC load line LL in output is:
L
L + 2
R
FB1
R
DRP
R
X
R
DFB
R
VS1
)
R
VS2
)
R
VS3
R
VS2
DCR
(eq. 18
)
Over Voltage Protection (OVP)
By means of the configuration at MODE1 pin as shown in
Table 11, the users can choose either recoverable OVP or
latch-off OVP.
Recoverable OVP
During normal operation the output voltage is monitored
at the differential inputs VSP and VSN. If VSP-VSN voltage
exceeds the DAC+V
OVTH
(or REFIN+V
OVTH
) for more
than 1us, over voltage protection OVP is triggered and
PGOOD is pulled low. In the meanwhile, all the high-side
MOSFETs are turned off and all the low-side MOSFETs are
turned on. The over voltage protection can be cleared once
VSP-VSN voltage drops 25mV lower than DAC+V
OVTH
(or REFIN+V
OVTH
), and then the system comes back to
normal operation. During soft-start, the OVP threshold is set
to 2.1V before PGOOD is asserted, but it changes to
DAC+V
OVTH
(or REFIN+V
OVTH
) after OVP is triggered.
Latch-Off OVP
Figure 17. Function of Latch-Off Over Voltage Protection
( a ) Normal Operation Mode ( b ) During Start Up
During normal operation the output voltage is monitored
at the differential inputs VSP and VSN. If VSP-VSN voltage
exceeds the DAC+V
OVTH
(or REFIN+V
OVTH
) for more
than 1us, over voltage protection OVP is triggered and
PGOOD is pulled low. In the meanwhile, all the high-side
MOSFETs are latched off and all the low-side MOSFETs are
turned on. After the OVP trips, the DAC ramps slowly down
to zero, having a slew rate of −0.5 mV/us to avoid a negative
output voltage spike during shutdown. All the low-side
MOSFETs toggle between on and off as the output voltage
follows the DAC+V
OVTH
(or REFIN+V
OVTH
) down with
a hysteresis of 25 mV. When the DAC gets to zero, all the
high-side MOSFETs will be held off and all the low-side
MOSFETs will remain on. During soft-start, the OVP
threshold is set to 2.1 V, and it changes to DAC+V
OVTH
(or
REFIN+V
OVTH
) after DAC starts to ramp down. To restart
the device after latch-off OVP, the system needs to have
either VCC5V or EN toggled state.
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38
OVP detection starts from the beginning of soft-start time
TSS and ends in shutdown, latch-off, and idle time of hiccup
mode caused by other protections.
Under Voltage Protection (UVP)
The NCP81233 pulls PGOOD low and turns off both
high-side MOSFETs and low-side MOSFETs with high
impedance in all PWM outputs once VSP-VSN voltage
drops below DAC-V
UVTH
for more than 5μ s. Under voltage
protection operates in either a hiccup mode or ends in
latch-off, which is programmable at MODE1 pin as shown
in Table 11. A normal power up sequence happens after a
hiccup interval. To restart the device after latch-off UVP, the
system needs to have either VCC5V or EN toggled state.
UVP detection starts when PGOOD delay T
d_PGOOD
is
expired right after a soft start, and ends in shutdown,
latch-off, and idle time of hiccup mode.
Over Current Protection (OCP)
The NCP81233 senses phase current by a differential
current-sense amplifier and provides a cycle-by-cycle over
current protection for each phase. If OCP happens in all the
phases and lasts for more than 8 times of the switching cycle,
the NCP81233 turns off both high-side MOSFETs and
low-side MOSFETs with all PWM outputs in high
impedance and enters into a hiccup mode or ends in
latch-off, which is programmable at MODE1 pin as shown
in Table 11. A normal power up sequence happens after a
hiccup interval. To restart the device after latch-off OCP, the
system needs to have either VCC5V or EN toggled state. The
part may enter into hiccup mode or latch-off sooner due to
the under voltage protection in a case if the output voltage
drops down very fast.
Figure 18. Over−Current Protection and Over−Temperature Protection
OTP
ILMT
ISP
ISN
ISP
ISN
VREF
OCP
OTP
R
T3
R
OTP2
R
OTP1
R
NTC
10uA
R
T1
R
T2
OTP
ILMT
ISP
ISN
ISP
ISN
VRE
F
OCP
OTP
R
ILIM2
R
OTP2
R
OTP1
10uA
R
ILMT1
6
0.6 V
V
(1) OTP Configuration 1
(2) OTP Configuration 2
6
The over-current threshold can be externally programmed
at the ILIM pin. As shown in Figure 18 (1), a NTC resistor
R
NTC
can be employed for temperature compensated over
current protection. The peak current limit per phase can be
calculated by
V
ISP
* V
ISN
+
1
6
R
T3
R
T1
)
R
T2
R
NTC
R
T2
)R
NTC
) R
T3
V
REF
(eq. 19
)
If no temperature compensation is needed, as shown in
Figure 18 (2), the peak current limit per phase can be simply
set by
V
ISP
* V
ISN
+
1
6
R
ILIM2
R
ILIM1
) R
ILIM2
V
REF
(eq. 20
)
OCP detection starts from the beginning of soft-start time
TSS, and ends in shutdown and idle time of hiccup mode.
Over Temperature Protection (OTP)
The NCP81233 provides over temperature protection. To
serve different types of DrMOS, one of two internal
configurations of OTP detection can be selected at MODE2
pin as shown in Table 12.
With OTP Configuration 1, as shown in Figure 18 (1), the
NTC resistor RNTC senses the hot-spot temperature and
changes the voltage at ILMT pin. Both over-temperature
threshold and hysteresis are externally programmed at OTP
pin by a resistor divider. Once the voltage at ILMT pin is
higher than the voltage at OTP pin, the NCP81233 turns off
both high-side MOSFETs and low-side MOSFETs with all
PWM outputs in high impedance and operates in either a
hiccup mode or ends in latch-off, which is programmable at
MODE1 pin as shown in Table 11. The controller will have
a normal start up after a hiccup interval in condition that the
temperature drops below the OTP reset threshold. To restart
the device after latch-off OTP, the system needs to have
NCP81233
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39
either VCC5V or EN toggled state. The OTP assertion
threshold VOTP and reset threshold VOTP_RST can be
calculated by:
V
OTP
+
V
REF
) I
OTP_HYS
R
OTP1
1 )
R
OTP1
R
OTP2
(eq. 21)
V
OTP_RST
+
V
REF
R
OTP2
R
OTP1
) R
OTP2
(eq. 22)
The corresponding OTP temperature TOTP and reset
temperature T
OTP_RST
can be calculated by
T
OTP
+
1
ln
ǒ
R
NTC_OTP
ń
R
TNC
Ǔ
B
)
1
25)273.15
* 273.15
(eq. 23)
T
OTP_RST
+
1
ln
ǒ
R
NTC_OTPRST
ń
R
TNC
Ǔ
B
)
1
25)273.15
* 273.15
(eq. 24)
Where:
R
NTC_OTP
+
1
1
R
T_OTP
*R
T1
*
1
R
T2
(eq. 25)
R
NTC_OTPRST
+
1
1
R
T_OTPRST
*R
T1
*
1
R
T2
(eq. 26)
R
T_OTP
+
ǒ
V
REF
V
OTP
* 1
Ǔ
R
T3
(eq. 27)
R
T_OTPRST
+
ǒ
V
REF
V
OTP_RST
* 1
Ǔ
R
T3
(eq. 28)
With OTP Configuration 2, as shown in Figure 18 (2), the
NCP81233 receives an external signal VT linearly
representing temperature and compares to an internal 0.6 V
reference voltage. If the voltage is over the threshold OTP
happens. The OTP assertion threshold V
OTP
and reset
threshold V
OTP_RST
in this configuration can be obtained by
V
T_OTP
+
ǒ
1 )
R
OTP1
R
OTP2
Ǔ
0.6
(eq. 29)
V
T_OTP_RST
+
ǒ
0.6
R
OTP2
* I
OTP_HYS
Ǔ
R
OTP1
) 0.6
(eq. 30)
OTP detection starts from the beginning of soft-start time
T
SS
, and ends in shutdown, latch-off, and idle time of hiccup
mode.
Thermal Shutdown (TSD)
The NCP81233 has an internal thermal shutdown
protection to protect the device from overheating in an
extreme case that the die temperature exceeds 150
°
C. TSD
detection is activated when VCC5V, EN, and DRVON are
valid. Once the thermal protection is triggered, the whole
chip shuts down and all PWM signals are in high impedance.
If the temperature drops below 125
°
C, the system
automatically recovers and a normal power sequence
follows.
I
2
C Interface
Control of the NCP81233 is carried out using the I
2
C
Interface. The NCP81233 is connected to this bus as a slave
device, under the control of a master controller. The master
controller can start to access the NCP81233 via I
2
C after
VCC5V is ready for more than 2 ms.
Data is sent over the serial bus in sequences of nine clock
pulses: eight bits of data followed by an acknowledge bit
from the slave device. Transitions on the data line must
occur during the low period of the clock signal and remain
stable during the high period, because a low-to-high
transition when the clock is high might be interpreted as a
stop signal. The number of data bytes that can be transmitted
over the serial bus in a single read or write operation is
limited only by what the master and slave devices can
handle.
When all data bytes have been read or written, stop
conditions are established. In write mode, the master pulls
the data line high during the tenth clock pulse to assert a stop
condition. In read mode, the master device overrides the
acknowledge bit by pulling the data line high during the low
period before the ninth clock pulse; this is known as No
Acknowledge. The master takes the data line low during the
low period before the tenth clock pulse, and then high during
the tenth clock pulse to assert a stop condition.
Any number of bytes of data can be transferred over the
serial bus in one operation, but it is not possible to mix read
and write in one operation because the type of operation is
determined at the beginning and cannot subsequently be
changed without starting a new operation.
In the NCP81233, write operations contain one, two or
three bytes, and read operations contain one or two bytes.
The command code or register address determines the
number of bytes to be read or written, See the register map
for more information.
To write data to one of the device data registers or read
data from it, the address pointer register must be set so that
the correct data register is addressed (i.e. command code),
and then data can be written to that register or read from it.
The first byte of a read or write operation always contains an
address that is stored in the address pointer register. If data
is to be written to the device, the write operation contains a

NCP81233MNTXG

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
ON Semiconductor
Description:
Switching Controllers MULTI-PHASE CONTROLLER WI
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