Data Sheet ADCLK948
Rev. B | Page 9 of 12
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
CLOCK INPUTS
The ADCLK948 accepts a differential clock input from one of
two inputs and distributes the selected clock to all eight LVPECL
outputs. The maximum specified frequency is the point at which
the output voltage swing is 50% of the standard LVPECL swing
(see Figure 4). See the functional block diagram (Figure 1) and
the General Description section for more clock input details.
See Figure 19 through Figure 23 for various clock input
termination schemes.
Output jitter performance is degraded by an input slew rate
below 4 V/ns, as shown in Figure 12. The ADCLK948 is
specifically designed to minimize added random jitter over a
wide input slew rate range. Whenever possible, clamp excessively
large input signals with fast Schottky diodes because attenuators
reduce the slew rate. Input signal runs of more than a few
centimeters should be over low loss dielectrics or cables with
good high frequency characteristics.
CLOCK OUTPUTS
The specified performance necessitates using proper transmission
line terminations. The LVPECL outputs of the ADCLK948 are
designed to directly drive 800 mV into a 50 Ω cable or into
microstrip/stripline transmission lines terminated with 50 Ω
referenced to V
CC
2 V, as shown in Figure 14. The LVPECL
output stage is shown in Figure 13. The outputs are designed for
best transmission line matching. If high speed signals must be
routed more than a centimeter, either the microstrip or the
stripline technique is required to ensure proper transition times
and to prevent excessive output ringing and pulse width depen-
dent propagation delay dispersion.
V
EE
V
CC
Qx
Qx
08280-013
Figure 13. Simplified Schematic Diagram of the LVPECL Output Stage
Figure 14 through Figure 17 depict various LVPECL output
termination schemes. When dc-coupled, V
S
of the receiving buffer
should match VS _ D RV.
Thevenin-equivalent termination uses a resistor network to
provide 50 Ω termination to a dc voltage that is below V
OL
of
the LVPECL driver. In this case, VS_DRV on the ADCLK948
should equal V
S
of the receiving buffer. Although the resistor
combination shown (in Figure 15) results in a dc bias point of
VS_DRV − 2 V, the actual common-mode voltage is VS_DRV
1.3 V because there is additional current flowing from the
ADCLK948 LVPECL driver through the pull-down resistor.
LVPECL Y-termination is an elegant termination scheme that
uses the fewest components and offers both odd- and even-mode
impedance matching. Even-mode impedance matching is an
important consideration for closely coupled transmission lines
at high frequencies. Its main drawback is that it offers limited
flexibility for varying the drive strength of the emitter follower
LVPECL driver. This can be an important consideration when
driving long trace lengths but is usually not an issue.
VS_DRV
Z
0
= 50Ω
V
S
= VS_DRV
LVPECL
50Ω
V
CC
– 2V
50Ω
Z
0
= 50Ω
ADCLK948
08280-014
Figure 14. DC-Coupled, 3.3 V LVPECL
VS_DRV
50Ω
50Ω
SINGLE-ENDED
(NOT COUPLED)
V
S
VS_DRV
LVPECL
127Ω
127Ω
83Ω
83Ω
ADCLK948
08280-015
Figure 15. DC-Coupled, 3.3 V LVPECL Far-End Thevenin Termination
VS_DRV
Z
0
= 50Ω
V
S
= VS_DRV
LVPECL
50Ω
50Ω
50Ω
Z
0
= 50Ω
ADCLK948
08280-016
Figure 16. DC-Coupled, 3.3 V LVPECL Y-Termination
VS_DRV
100Ω DIFFERENTIAL
(COUPLED)
TRANSMISSION LINE
V
S
LVPECL
100Ω
0.1nF
0.1nF
200Ω
200Ω
ADCLK948
08280-017
Figure 17. AC-Coupled, LVPECL with Parallel Transmission Line
ADCLK948 Data Sheet
Rev. B | Page 10 of 12
CLOCK INPUT SELECT (IN_SEL) SETTINGS
A Logic 0 on the IN_SEL pin selects the Input CLK0 and
Input
CLK0
. A Logic 1 on the IN_SEL pin selects Input CLK1
and Input
CLK1
.
PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
The ADCLK948 buffer is designed for very high speed applica-
tions. Consequently, high speed design techniques must be used
to achieve the specified performance. It is critically important
to use low impedance supply planes for both the negative supply
(V
EE
) and the positive supply (V
CC
) planes as part of a multilayer
board. Providing the lowest inductance return path for switching
currents ensures the best possible performance in the target
application.
The following references to the GND plane assume that the V
EE
power plane is grounded for LVPECL operation. Note that, for
ECL operation, the V
CC
power plane becomes the ground plane.
It is also important to adequately bypass the input and output
supplies. Place a 1 µF electrolytic bypass capacitor within several
inches of each V
CC
power supply pin to the GND plane. In
addition, place multiple high quality 0.001 µF bypass capacitors
as close as possible to each of the V
CC
supply pins, and connect
the capacitors to the GND plane with redundant vias. Carefully
select high frequency bypass capacitors for minimum induc-
tance and ESR. To improve the effectiveness of the bypass at
high frequencies, minimize parasitic layout inductance. Also,
avoid discontinuities along input and output transmission lines
that can affect jitter performance.
In a 50 Ω environment, input and output matching have a significant
impact on performance. The buffer provides internal 50 Ω
termination resistors for both CLKx and
CLKx
inputs. Normally,
the return side is connected to the reference pin that is provided.
Carefully bypass the termination potential using ceramic capacitors
to prevent undesired aberrations on the input signal due to parasitic
inductance in the termination return path. If the inputs are dc-
coupled to a source, take care to ensure that the pins are within
the rated input differential and common-mode ranges.
If the return is floated, the device exhibits a 100 Ω cross termi-
nation, but the source must then control the common-mode
voltage and supply the input bias currents.
There are ESD/clamp diodes between the input pins to prevent
the application from developing excessive offsets to the input
transistors. ESD diodes are not optimized for best ac perfor-
mance. When a clamp is required, it is recommended that
appropriate external diodes be used.
Exposed Metal Paddle
The exposed metal paddle on the ADCLK948 package is both
an electrical connection and a thermal enhancement. For the
device to function properly, the paddle must be properly
attached to the V
EE
power plane.
When properly mounted, the ADCLK948 also dissipates heat
through its exposed paddle. The PCB acts as a heat sink for the
ADCLK948. The PCB attachment must provide a good thermal
path to a larger heat dissipation area. This requires a grid of vias
from the top layer down to the V
EE
power plane (see Figure 18).
The ADCLK948 evaluation board (ADCLK948/PCBZ) pro-
vides an example of how to attach the part to the PCB.
VIAS TO V
EE
POWER
PLANE
08280-018
Figure 18. PCB Land for Attaching Exposed Paddle
Data Sheet ADCLK948
Rev. B | Page 11 of 12
INPUT TERMINATION OPTIONS
V
REF
x
V
CC
V
T
x
CLKx
CLKx
CONNECT V
T
xTOV
CC
.
5050
08280-019
ADCLK948
Figure 19. DC-Coupled CML Input Termination
V
REF
x
V
T
x
V
CC
5050
CLKx
CLKx
08280-020
0.01µF
(OPTIONAL)
50
ADCLK948
Figure 20. DC-Coupled LVPECL Input Termination
V
REF
x
V
T
x
CONNECT V
T
xTOV
REF
x.
5050
CLKx
CLKx
08280-021
ADCLK948
Figure 21. AC-Coupled Input Termination, Such as LVDS and LEVPECL
V
REF
x
V
T
x
C
ONNECT V
T
x, V
REF
x, AND CLKx. PLACE A
BYPASS CAPACITOR FROM V
T
x TO GROUND.
A
LTERNATIVELY, V
T
x, V
REF
x, AND CLKx CAN BE
C
ONNECTED, GIVING A CLEANER LAYOUT AND
A
180º PHASE SHIFT.
5050
CLKx
CLKx
08280-022
ADCLK948
Figure 22. AC-Coupled Single-Ended Input Termination
V
REF
x
V
T
x
5050
CLKx
CLKx
08280-023
ADCLK948
Figure 23. DC-Coupled 3.3 V CMOS Input Termination

ADCLK948BCPZ

Mfr. #:
Manufacturer:
Analog Devices Inc.
Description:
Clock Buffer 8 LVPECL Outpts SiGe
Lifecycle:
New from this manufacturer.
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