NOIL1SM0300A-QDC Datasheet NOIL1SM0300A-WWC, NOIL1SE0300A-QDC, NOIL1SM0300A-QDC | P28-P29

NOIL1SM0300A

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GLOSSARY

conversion gain A constant that converts the number of electrons collected by a pixel into the voltage swing of the pixel. Con-

version gain = q/C where q is the charge of an electron (1.602E 19 Coulomb) and C is the capacitance of the

photodiode or sense node.

CDS Correlated double sampling. This is a method for sampling a pixel where the pixel voltage after reset is sam-

pled and subtracted from the voltage after exposure to light.

DNL Differential nonlinearity (for ADCs)

DSNU Dark signal nonuniformity. This parameter characterizes the degree of nonuniformity in dark leakage currents,

which can be a major source of fixed pattern noise.

fill-factor A parameter that characterizes the optically active percentage of a pixel. In theory, it is the ratio of the actual

QE of a pixel divided by the QE of a photodiode of equal area. In practice, it is never measured.

INL Integral nonlinearity (for ADCs)

IR Infrared. IR light has wavelengths in the approximate range 750 nm to 1 mm.

Lux Photometric unit of luminance (at 550 nm, 1lux = 1 lumen/m

= 1/683 W/m

)

pixel noise Variation of pixel signals within a region of interest (ROI). The ROI typically is a rectangular portion of the pixel

array and may be limited to a single color plane.

photometric units Units for light measurement that take into account human physiology.

PLS Parasitic light sensitivity. Parasitic discharge of sampled information in pixels that have storage nodes.

PRNU Photo-response nonuniformity. This parameter characterizes the spread in response of pixels, which is a

source of FPN under illumination.

QE Quantum efficiency. This parameter characterizes the effectiveness of a pixel in capturing photons and con-

verting them into electrons. It is photon wavelength and pixel color dependent.

read noise Noise associated with all circuitry that measures and converts the voltage on a sense node or photodiode into

an output signal.

reset The process by which a pixel photodiode or sense node is cleared of electrons. ”Soft” reset occurs when the

reset transistor is operated below the threshold. ”Hard” reset occurs when the reset transistor is operated

above threshold.

reset noise Noise due to variation in the reset level of a pixel. In 3T pixel designs, this noise has a component (in units of

volts) proportionality constant depending on how the pixel is reset (such as hard and soft). In 4T pixel de-

signs, reset noise can be removed with CDS.

responsivity The standard measure of photodiode performance (regardless of whether it is in an imager or not). Units are

typically A/W and are dependent on the incident light wavelength. Note that responsivity and sensitivity are

used interchangeably in image sensor characterization literature so it is best to check the units.

ROI Region of interest. The area within a pixel array chosen to characterize noise, signal, crosstalk, and so on.

The ROI can be the entire array or a small subsection; it can be confined to a single color plane.

sense node In 4T pixel designs, a capacitor used to convert charge into voltage. In 3T pixel designs it is the photodiode

itself.

sensitivity A measure of pixel performance that characterizes the rise of the photodiode or sense node signal in Volts

upon illumination with light. Units are typically V/(W/m

)/sec and are dependent on the incident light wave-

length. Sensitivity measurements are often taken with 550 nm incident light. At this wavelength, 1 683 lux is

equal to 1 W/m

; the units of sensitivity are quoted in V/lux/sec. Note that responsivity and sensitivity are used

interchangeably in image sensor characterization literature so it is best to check the units.

spectral response The photon wavelength dependence of sensitivity or responsivity.

SNR Signal-to-noise ratio. This number characterizes the ratio of the fundamental signal to the noise spectrum up

to half the Nyquist frequency.

temporal noise Noise that varies from frame to frame. In a video stream, temporal noise is visible as twinkling pixels.

NOIL1SM0300A

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APPENDIX A: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Q: How does the dual (multiple) slope extended dynamic range mode work?

A: The green lines are the analog signal on the

photodiode, which decrease as a result of exposure. The

slope is determined by the amount of light at each pixel (the

more light the steeper the slope). When the pixels reach the

saturation level the analog signal does not change despite

further exposure. As shown, without any double slope pulse

pixels p3 and p4 reaches saturation before the sample

moment of the analog values; no signal is acquired without

double slope. When double slope is enabled a second reset

pulse is given (blue line) at a certain time before the end of

the integration time. This double slope reset pulse resets the

analog signal of the pixels below this level to the reset level.

After the reset the analog signal starts to decrease with the

same slope as before the double slope reset pulse. If the

double slope reset pulse is placed at the end of the integration

time (90% for instance) the analog signal that reach the

saturation levels are not saturated anymore (this increases

the optical dynamic range) at read out. It is important to note

that pixel signals above the double slope reset level are not

influenced by this double slope reset pulse (p1 and p2). If

desired, additional reset pulses can be given at lower levels

to achieve multiple slope.

Figure 27. Dual Slope Diagram

Reset level 1

Reset level 2

Saturation level

Total integration time

Reset pulse

Double slope reset pulse

Read out

Double slope reset time (usually 5-

10% of the total integration time)

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