13
Microsemi Corporation
ZL30241 Data Sheet
The RefOut_p/RefOut_n pins may be used to buffer the prescaled input signal or crystal oscillator. Like the other
outputs, it may be set to LVPECL, LVDS, HCSL, or LVCMOS formats. Register 0x3, bit 19, is the refmux_sel, which
determines if the reference input signal or the crystal oscillator is provided on RefOut_p/RefOut_n.
3.4 Crystal Oscillator
The quartz crystal input (XO1/XO2) accept standard 8-12pf AT cut crystals from 22 MHz to 54 MHz. Since the
negative resistance required for such a spread of crystals varies considerably, a programmable gain is provided in
7 steps. Microsemi recommends a gain of 5 or above to help ensure start-up in all conditions. To aid in trimming the
crystal, programmable on-chip load capacitors are available. In general, for lowest phase noise, the highest
frequency crystal, compatible with the applications cost and other requirements, should be used. If integer modes
of PLL operation are possible, the crystal should be selected so that the multiplication is an integer value for lowest
noise.
The gain of the crystal oscillator is set via 3 bits. Register 0x4, bit 15 is xtal_ftrim; set this bit if the crystal is 33 MHz
or lower. Xtal_gain[2:0] are found in register 0x4, bits 10:8. The values in this register depend on the crystal load
caps, ESR, and frequency value. Recommendations are given below. The xtal_gain should be the minimum
value that insures startup at maximum temperature for the maximum ESR value of the crystal.
Crystal load capacitors should be on the PCB and the on-chip load capacitors can then be used to trim for
component variation. Register 0x4, bits 14:12, xtal_cap[2:0] set the on-chip load capacitance. The value in
xtal_cap can then be used to optimize the load. It is also acceptable to set xtal_cap to 0, and trim the crystal load
with the PCB capacitors only.
3.5 PLLs
The PLL in the ZL30241consists of an input reference frequency, a phase/frequency detector, loop filter, VCO, feedback divider,
and two output dividers. The feedback divider can operate in three distinct modes: integer, fractional and ratio.
diff_ref_sel Reference_signal
0LVCMOS
1 differential ( LVDS, LVPECL or HCSL)
Table 4 - Reference Input (In_p/In_n) Selection
Crystal
Frequency
(MHz)
ESR=25 ESR=35 ESR=45 xtal=ftrim
220131
271241
332351
341230
392340
443450
494560
545670
Table 5 - Xtal_gain[3:0] Values
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Microsemi Corporation
ZL30241 Data Sheet
The integer mode behaves like a traditional integer value PLL, where the feedback divisor is an integer. Due
to the internal structure of this PLL, values divisible for 1/8 will give the same high performance as integer
values.
The fractional mode allows the feedback divider to take on a value of the form Qm.n, where m (the integer
part) is 8 bits and n (the fractional part) is 28 bits.
The ratio mode would typically be used for FEC (Forward Error Correction) rate translation. The feedback
divider will take on values of the form A + (1/8)(B +C/D). In this mode, the C and D have 16 bit resolution.
For all modes, the relation of the input frequency (fin), output frequency (fout), feedback divider (fbdiv) and output divider (outdiv)
is:
.
The VCO frequency is (fout*outdiv).
3.5.1 Integer Mode
Integer mode will provide the lowest possible phase noise. To operate in this mode, set S=0 in register 0x7. The integer part of
the feedback value is placed in divval[35:28] in register 0x6. Since the integer mode can take multiples of 1/8 without a
degradation in phase noise, three more fractional bits may be programmed in divval[27:25], and still operate with high integer-
like performance without adding modulator noise (M=0). In Q notation, Q8.3 numbers may be entered in divval[35:25] in integer
mode. The remainder of the bits in divval should be set to 0.
3.5.2 Fractional Mode
The fractional mode allows Q8.28 numbers to be placed in divval In fractional mode, M must be set to 2 or the PLL will ignore the
lower 25 fractional bits. S should be set to 0 to use all fractional mode bits in this mode.
3.5.3 Ratio Mode
The ratio mode is needed when frequency translation is required. This mode is triggered by setting the rational_mode bit to 1 in
register 0x7 (bit 10) and setting M=2. It is recommended that S=0 in this mode.
The format of the feedback divider equation will change depending on the value of S. With the recommended S value of 0, it will
have the form of A + (1/8)(B +C/D). A is put in divval[35:28] while B is placed in divval[27:25]. C is placed in divval[24:9] and the
modulus[15:0] bits hold D. B may be 0 to 7. C and D are 16 bit values, where D must be greater than C.
Note that the modulus value is split with modulus[15:6] and modulus[5:0] which are found in different registers. Modulus[5:0] is in
register 0x6 (bits 9:4) and modulus[15:6] in register 0x7 (bits 9:0).
Other values of S will product the feedback divider values in Table 6.
3.6 Output Dividers
The VCO output is divided down to the required output frequency; there is one divider per output. The output
dividers are found in register 5.
Value of S Divider Value
0 A + (1/8)(B +C/D)
1 A + (1/4)(B +C/D)
2 A + (1/2)(B +C/D)
3A + C/D
Table 6 - Interpretation of S Parameter in Ratio Mode
fout
fbdiv fin
outdiv
--------------------------=
15
Microsemi Corporation
ZL30241 Data Sheet
As a special case, for frequencies between 750 MHz and 778 MHz which cannot be accessed with divider of 4 or 5,
a divider of 4.5 is provided. To divide by 4.5, set the outn_4p5. When this bit is set, the associated output divider will
ignore the value in register 5 and divide by 4.5.
In any case that the change to the feedback divider is small, i.e., a change in phase or a few ppm in frequency, the
output frequencies will change smoothly with no sudden phase step. The change in the feedback divider will be
instantaneous, but the VCO response will be smoothed by the loop filter. Thus any changes small enough not to
cause lock disturbance will be smooth and continuous.
3.7 Status Indicators
The lock status of the PLL may be monitored via the pllx_lock bit in register 15, bit 21. A value of "1" indicates lock,
and is the normal condition. A 0 indicates out of lock, or the absence of a reference (either input signal or crystal).
3.8 Resets
The ZL30241 does not need a reset after power is applied, but some other configuration changes require a reset of
the associated subsystem in the device. If the feedback divisor (fbdiv), M, or S value is changed in a PLL, then the
corresponding fbdiv_resetn (register 0x7 bit 14) bit needs to be toggled. If the output divisor (register 0x5) value is
changed, output1_2_reset (register 0x7, bit 13) needs to be toggled.
4.0 SPI Programming
At power up, the ZL30241 takes on the values programmed by the factory. Thereafter, the SPI may be used to
overwrite any value. Care should be taken not to overwrite the factory-programmed calibrations (registers 10
through 14). The maximum SPI clock rate is 10 MHz. All transfers are multiples of 8-bit bytes, and are read and
written with most significant byte first, and most significant bit first.
Serial Peripheral Interface Description
1. SCK is the clock input to the SPI interface.
2. SDI is the data input to the SPI interface. Data must be valid by the rising edge of SCK.
3. SDO is the data output from the SPI interface. Data at SDO will be valid 12 ns after the rising edge of the clock.
4. CSB is the active-low enable signal for the SPI. The rising edge of CSB disables the SPI controller on the slave
device. In the disabled state, the SPI controller will not respond to events on SCK or SDI, and SDO is in a high-
impedance state. The falling edge of CSB enables the SPI for read/write access, and resets it to the initial state
(awaiting the control/address byte). Register contents are not reset or otherwise altered by cycling CSB.
5. Multiple SPI slave devices may communicate with the same SPI master by sharing SDO, SDI, and SCK, and
addressing each device with its individual CSB signal.
6. Upon power-up, all SPI read/write register contents are set to default values. For those registers associated with
fuse addresses, the state of the fuse determines the default value.
7. The SPI master initiates a data transfer by dropping CSB to enable the slave device, followed by eight bits of
data applied synchronously with eight pulses of SCK. The first four bits define the opcode, and the last four bits
define the register to be addressed. The data stream is shown in the following diagram:

ZL30241LDG1

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